Question 1

Terence has a learning disability that involves difficulty in math computation. This disability is also known as developmental arithmetic disorder. On the other hand, Mindy, his classmate, finds it extremely challenging to read or spell simple words. Based on the given information, which of the following statements is true?
A) Both Terence and Mindy have ADHD.
B) Terence has dysgraphia, whereas Mindy has dyscalculia.
C) Terence has ADHD, whereas Mindy has dysgraphia.
D) Terence has dyscalculia, whereas Mindy has dyslexia.

Accepted Answer

Terence's difficulty in math computation is referred to as developmental arithmetic disorder, which is also known as dyscalculia. Mindy's difficulty in reading and spelling simple words is described as a challenge in dyslexia. Therefore, Terence has dyscalculia, whereas Mindy has dyslexia. Choices (A) and (C) are incorrect because ADHD and dysgraphia are not mentioned in the given information. Choice (B) is incorrect because Terence has difficulty with math computation, not writing, which is associated with dysgraphia.

Question 2

________ is a disability in which children consistently show inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity over a period of time. Some children show a combination of these symptoms.
A) ADHD
B) OCD
C) PTSD
D) EMDR

Accepted Answer

ADHD (Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by symptoms like inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Children with ADHD have difficulty maintaining attention, controlling impulsive behavior, and sitting still or quiet for extended periods. It can affect a child's academic performance, social interactions, and home life.

Question 3

Lillette, 9, has been diagnosed with ________, a cancer in which the bone marrow manufactures an abundance of abnormal white blood cells that crowd out normal cells, making her susceptible to bruising and infection.
A) neuroblastoma
B) lymphosarcoma
C) leukemia
D) clear cell sarcoma

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described in the question are characteristic of leukemia, which is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow. Neuroblastoma and lymphosarcoma are types of cancer, but they do not present with the same symptoms as leukemia. Clear cell sarcoma is a rare type of soft tissue cancer that is also not related to the symptoms described in the question. Therefore, the best choice is C: leukemia.

Question 4

________ is a severe developmental disorder that has its onset in the first three years of life and includes deficiencies in social relationships, abnormalities in communication, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior.
A) Asperger syndrome
B) ADHD
C) Autistic disorder
D) ICF syndrome

Accepted Answer

The description matches that of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which is also known as autistic disorder. Options A, B, and D are not correct as they do not match the given criteria. Asperger syndrome is a high-functioning subtype of ASD, ADHD is a disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention, and ICF syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects multiple parts of the body.

Question 5

Anne, a 10-year-old girl, has been diagnosed with ADHD. Which of the following scenarios would have most likely caused this disability?
A) Anne had a high birth weight.
B) Anne has poor discipline at home.
C) Anne was a victim of verbal and physical abuse during her childhood.
D) Anne's mother smoked cigarettes and consumed alcohol frequently while pregnant.

Accepted Answer

Research has suggested that maternal smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy can increase the likelihood of the child developing ADHD.

Question 6

Sandra is a nine-year-old girl. She was always the last student in class to finish assignments because she could only write slowly, and even then, her writing would be virtually illegible and riddled with spelling mistakes. Her teacher referred her to a psychologist who diagnosed her with a learning disability called
A) ADHD.
B) dysgraphia.
C) ASD.
D) dyscalculia.

Accepted Answer

Dysgraphia is a learning disability that affects a person's ability to write effectively. This disability can cause problems with writing speed, legibility, and spelling accuracy, which fits with the description of Sandra's difficulties. ADHD (A) is a disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. ASD (C) is autism spectrum disorder, which is characterized by social and communication difficulties. Dyscalculia (D) is a learning disability that affects a person's ability to understand and manipulate numbers. None of these other disabilities relate specifically to the symptoms described for Sandra.

Question 7

Damon's teachers frequently complain that he disrupts his kindergarten class by fidgeting and moving about all the time. He does not pay any attention to what is being taught in class and behaves impulsively. Considering the presence of the tell-tale characteristics of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, Damon's pediatrician diagnosed him with ________ and put him on a combination of Ritalin and behavior therapy.
A) ADHD
B) OCD
C) PTSD
D) EMDR

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described in the scenario are characteristic of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The treatment of ADHD typically involves a combination of medication (such as Ritalin) and behavior therapy. OCD (B) refers to Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, PTSD (C) is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and EMDR (D) refers to Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy, which is used to treat PTSD and other trauma-related conditions.

Question 8

Which was the largest group of students with a disability to be served by federal programs and receive special education in the 2012-2013 school year?
A) students with a learning disability
B) students with speech or language impairments
C) students with intellectual disability
D) emotionally disturbed students

Accepted Answer

Students with a learning disability represented the largest group served by federal programs and receiving special education during the 2012-2013 school year. This category includes a range of learning challenges such as dyslexia and ADHD, which affect a student's ability to read, write, and process information.

Question 9

Carl's son has been diagnosed with a learning disability. Since then, Carl has spent a significant amount of time understanding the causes of his disability. He learns that even though several research studies have been conducted, the precise causes have not yet been determined. He comes across a research finding that indicates that it is unlikely that learning disabilities
A) reside in a single, specific brain location.
B) are due to problems in integrating information from multiple brain regions.
C) are a result of subtle impairments in brain structures.
D) occur as a result of subtle impairments in brain functions.

Accepted Answer

The research finding suggests that learning disabilities are unlikely to reside in a single, specific brain location. Therefore, option A) is the correct choice. The other options have not been ruled out by the given information.

Question 10

Dana and Delma are discussing gender and the identification of learning disabilities. Dana believes that there is evidence that supports that gender does play a role in identifying learning disabilities, whereas Delma opposes this view. Which of the following statements, if true, would support Dana's view?
A) Boys have a greater biological vulnerability for learning disabilities than girls.
B) Girls are more likely to be referred by teachers for treatment than boys.
C) Girls' education is given priority in schools and homes.
D) Learning disabilities are more difficult to detect in boys than in girls.

Accepted Answer

This statement provides evidence of a biological difference between boys and girls that could potentially contribute to a disparity in the identification of learning disabilities. If boys are more biologically vulnerable to learning disabilities, this could make it more difficult to detect and identify these disabilities in girls.

Question 11

A recent study revealed that peak thickness of the cerebral cortex occurs ________ in children with ADHD than in children without ADHD.
A) in adulthood
B) in infancy
C) three years later
D) two years earlier

Accepted Answer

The peak thickness of the cerebral cortex occurs three years later in children with ADHD than in children without ADHD, indicating a delay in reaching this developmental milestone compared to their peers without ADHD.

Question 12

Interventions with children who have a learning disability often focus on improving
A) math ability.
B) right and left brain functioning.
C) writing skills.
D) reading ability.

Accepted Answer

Reading ability is often a primary focus of interventions for children with learning disabilities, as this skill is necessary for success in many academic areas. While math, writing, and right and left brain functioning may also be addressed, improving reading ability is often the most crucial aspect of intervention.

Question 13

From the following options, identify the disorder that consists of serious, persistent problems involving relationships, aggression, depression, and fears associated with personal or school matters, as well as other inappropriate socioemotional characteristics. Approximately eight percent of children who have a disability and require an individualized education plan fall into this classification.
A) autism
B) ADHD
C) emotional and behavioral disorders
D) learning disorders

Accepted Answer

The disorder described in the question is emotional and behavioral disorders. Autism involves difficulties with social interaction and communication, while ADHD involves hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Learning disorders involve difficulties with academic skills. The description provided in the question matches the characteristics of emotional and behavioral disorders, including problems with relationships, aggression, and inappropriate socioemotional behaviors. The fact that this disorder is particularly prevalent among children with disabilities who require individualized education plans further supports the identification of emotional and behavioral disorders as the correct answer.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true about learning disability?
A) Girls are more likely to be referred by teachers for treatment because of troublesome behavior.
B) About three times as many boys as girls are classified as having a learning disability.
C) Girls have a greater biological vulnerability than boys to be diagnosed with a learning disability.
D) Learning disabilities reside in a single, specific brain location in all individuals.

Accepted Answer

According to research, about three times as many boys as girls are classified as having a learning disability. This may be due to differences in brain development or other factors such as referral bias.

Question 15

Sabine is in the second grade. Compared to the other kids in her class, she finds it very challenging to read or spell simple words. Which of the following learning disabilities does Sabine suffer from?
A) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
B) dysgraphia
C) dyslexia
D) dyscalculia

Accepted Answer

Dyslexia is a learning disability that affects reading and language processing, which would explain Sabine's difficulties with reading and spelling simple words. ADHD is a separate condition that affects attention and hyperactivity, dysgraphia is a learning disability that affects writing, and dyscalculia affects math skills.

Question 16

Jana's doctor is treating her for ADHD. Which of the following treatment plans would her doctor most likely recommend to achieve better results?
A) a combination of stimulant medication and sedatives
B) primarily stimulant medication
C) primarily behavior management
D) a combination of stimulant medication and behavior management

Accepted Answer

The most effective treatment plan for ADHD is a combination of stimulant medication and behavior management. Stimulant medication can help improve focus and attention while behavior management can help with organization, time management and social skills. Combining both approaches has been shown to have the best results in treating ADHD. Sedatives are not typically used to treat ADHD as they can worsen symptoms.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true about ADHD in children?
A) The sole cause of ADHD in children is damage to the brain during prenatal development.
B) The number of children diagnosed and treated for ADHD has increased substantially in recent decades.
C) Stimulant medication such as Ritalin is effective in improving the attention of children with ADHD to the levels seen in children without ADHD.
D) Doctors recommend avoiding exercise in all forms for children with ADHD.

Accepted Answer

The number of children diagnosed and treated for ADHD has indeed increased in recent decades. However, the other options are not true. ADHD is not solely caused by brain damage during prenatal development, stimulants do not necessarily bring a child's attention levels to those of children without ADHD, and doctors do not recommend avoiding exercise for children with ADHD.

Question 18

Marshall is in the fourth grade. He finds it hard to keep up with his classmates' writing speed. His handwriting is illegible. Therefore, neither his teachers nor his parents can read his notes. He also makes numerous spelling errors because of his inability to match sounds and letters. Marshall likely suffers from ________.
A) dyspraxia
B) dysgraphia
C) dyslexia
D) dyscalculia

Accepted Answer

Marshall likely suffers from dysgraphia, which involves difficulty with writing, including illegible handwriting and spelling errors. Dyspraxia involves difficulty with motor planning and coordination, while dyslexia involves difficulty with reading and matching sounds and letters. Dyscalculia involves difficulty with math and numbers.

Question 19

A learning disability
A) resides in a single, specific brain location.
B) is primarily the result of inadequate intellectual functioning.
C) does not involve understanding or using spoken languages.
D) is not primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities.

Accepted Answer

A learning disability does not primarily result from visual, hearing, or motor disabilities. It refers to any neurological disorder that affects the ability to learn and use specific skills, such as reading, writing, or math. It is not necessarily limited to a single, specific brain location and does not imply inadequate intellectual functioning or language comprehension.

Question 20

Samuel is an 8-year-old boy. He has difficulty solving numerical problems. Hence, he is not able to solve any of the Math tests given by his teacher. His teacher gave him extra assignments and made him attend some remedial classes so that he can improve, but these did not help. His parents finally took him to a doctor, and the doctor diagnosed him with a learning disability called ________, or developmental arithmetic disorder.
A) dyscalculia
B) dysgraphia
C) dyslexia
D) dyspraxia

Accepted Answer

Dyscalculia is a learning disability that affects a person's ability to understand and work with numbers. It is characterized by difficulties with math concepts, including number sense, computation, and problem-solving. This makes it difficult for individuals with dyscalculia to perform well in math-related activities, such as solving mathematical problems or handling financial matters.

Quiz 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood

________ is a disability in which children consistently show inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity over a period of time. Some children show a combination of these symptoms.

Lillette, 9, has been diagnosed with ________, a cancer in which the bone marrow manufactures an abundance of abnormal white blood cells that crowd out normal cells, making her susceptible to bruising and infection.

________ is a severe developmental disorder that has its onset in the first three years of life and includes deficiencies in social relationships, abnormalities in communication, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior.

Anne, a 10-year-old girl, has been diagnosed with ADHD. Which of the following scenarios would have most likely caused this disability?

Which was the largest group of students with a disability to be served by federal programs and receive special education in the 2012-2013 school year?

A recent study revealed that peak thickness of the cerebral cortex occurs ________ in children with ADHD than in children without ADHD.

Interventions with children who have a learning disability often focus on improving

Which of the following statements is true about learning disability?

Sabine is in the second grade. Compared to the other kids in her class, she finds it very challenging to read or spell simple words. Which of the following learning disabilities does Sabine suffer from?

Jana's doctor is treating her for ADHD. Which of the following treatment plans would her doctor most likely recommend to achieve better results?

Which of the following statements is true about ADHD in children?

A learning disability