Question 1

What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)? What are its lower and upper limits? How can one use peer scaffolding to teach children mathematics within the zone?

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Question 2

Arielle took part in one of Walter Mischel's delay of gratification studies. She was able to stop herself from eating the marshmallow by humming a song to herself. What does research suggest about her future?

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Question 3

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018) has established categories for obesity, overweight, and at risk of being overweight. Describe how these categories are determined and classified.

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Question 4

Briefly describe a child's theory of mind. How are false-belief tasks useful in assessing the theory of mind?

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Question 5

Identify the term for the range of tasks that are too difficult for children to master alone but can be learned with guidance and assistance from adults or more-skilled children.

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Question 6

A(n) ________ is an approach that emphasizes the social contexts of learning and asserts that knowledge is mutually built and constructed.

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Question 7

Describe four strategies suggested by Ellen Galinsky for using books effectively with preschool children.

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Question 8

Aubrey is in a school that takes into account the typical development of children within an age span as well as the uniqueness of the child. It also emphasizes the importance of creating settings that encourage active learning and reflect the child's interests and capabilities. This view represents a ________.

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Question 9

What factors influence improved literacy in children?

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Question 10

List the ways in which Lev Vygotsky's theory can be incorporated in classrooms.

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Question 11

Briefly state two criticisms leveled against Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development.

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Question 12

Describe two reasons for developmental changes in memory span.

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Question 13

What are the criticisms of the Montessori approach to early education?

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Question 14

Identify the term that refers to awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.

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Question 15

What are the signs of vision problems in children?

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Question 16

Describe the six key principles in young children's vocabulary development as identified by Harris, Golinkoff, and Hirsh-Pasek.

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Question 17

Define what Piaget meant by an operation. What would be one task that preoperational children fail to do because they lack operations?

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Question 18

Discuss the 5-2-1-0 obesity prevention guidelines recently issued for young children.

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Question 19

Identify the factors that can influence the accuracy of a young child's memory.

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Question 20

Briefly describe the two stages of preoperational thought. Provide an example of children's thinking at each stage.

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Quiz 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood