Question 1

Identify the age group of women who are least likely to obtain prenatal care.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents are the age group of women who are least likely to obtain prenatal care. They may face barriers such as lack of understanding about the importance of prenatal care, lack of transportation, fear of judgment, and lack of access to healthcare services.

Question 2

Priscilla just found out she is pregnant, and her doctor prescribed her a B-complex vitamin that promotes normal prenatal development and reduces the risk of preterm deliveries. Which of the following is the vitamin prescribed by Priscilla's doctor?

Accepted Answer

Folic acid is a B-complex vitamin that is recommended for pregnant women to support prenatal development and reduce the risk of preterm delivery. Thiamine, riboflavin, and pantothenic acid are also B vitamins, but they do not have the same specific benefits for prenatal health.

Question 3

Marlena, who just found out she is pregnant, has very poor eating habits. Her total calorie intake is very low. She eats little protein and unbalanced amounts of vitamins and minerals. If she continues her present eating habits, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

If Marlena continues with her poor eating habits, it is more likely that her baby will be malformed due to inadequate nutrition during development. Poor nutrition can also lead to other complications such as low birth weight, premature birth, and weakened immune system, increasing the risk of infections for the baby. It is important for Marlena to start a balanced and healthy diet as soon as possible to ensure the best possible outcome for her baby.

Question 4

Bella contracted a sexually transmitted infection from her partner a couple of years ago. When she became pregnant, her doctor advised her to avoid breast-feeding her baby once born, as the baby could contract the infection from her. Which of the following maternal diseases did Bella have?

Accepted Answer

AIDS, caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, and through breast milk. Therefore, mothers with HIV are often advised not to breastfeed to prevent transmission to the baby.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of babies born to HIV-infected mothers?

Accepted Answer

Babies born to HIV-infected mothers can be infected with HIV, but it is not a guaranteed transmission. With proper medical management during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum, the risk of transmission can be greatly reduced. Additionally, some babies may be infected but not show symptoms. Breastfeeding from an infected mother can also transmit the virus, but again, with proper medical management, the risk can be reduced. Choice A is not true as HIV is not transmitted during fertilization. Choice B is not true as not all babies born to HIV-infected mothers will be infected. Choice D is not true as breastfeeding can transmit the virus.

Question 6

Which maternal age group has increased risk of low birth weight, preterm delivery, and fetal death?

Accepted Answer

Women who are thirty-five years or older have an increased risk of low birth weight, preterm delivery, and fetal death due to age-related changes in the reproductive system and increased likelihood of having underlying health conditions such as hypertension and diabetes.

Question 7

The lack of ________ in maternal nutrition has been associated with neural tube defects in offspring.

Accepted Answer

Folic acid is known to play a crucial role in the development of the neural tube in the early stages of pregnancy. Its deficiency is a major risk factor for neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, in the developing fetus. Adequate folic acid intake is recommended for all women of childbearing age to reduce the risk of such birth defects.

Question 8

________ replaces traditional 15-minute physician visits with 90-minute peer group support settings and self-examination led by a physician or certified nurse-midwife.

Accepted Answer

CenteringPregnancy is a model of group prenatal care that replaces traditional 15-minute physician visits with extended 90-minute peer group support settings led by a physician or certified nurse-midwife. During these sessions, participants receive education, support, and self-examination. This model has been shown to improve maternal and fetal outcomes, increase patient satisfaction, and decrease preterm birth rates.

Question 9

Tammy is pregnant with her first child. She tells you that she loves swordfish and has it for dinner two or three times a week. Based on current research, what advice should you give Tammy about her diet?

Accepted Answer

Pregnant women are advised to avoid swordfish due to its potential high level of mercury, which can harm the baby's developing nervous system. It is recommended to choose lower mercury fish options such as salmon, shrimp, and canned light tuna.

Question 10

Carla's husband was 50 years of age when she became pregnant. Studies have shown that this paternal factor is connected to

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that advanced paternal age (50 years and older) is associated with an increased risk of autism and schizophrenia in offspring.

Question 11

Susan is trying to conceive. She has been advised by her doctor that because of her age she should be prepared for adverse perinatal outcomes including spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, stillbirth, and fetal growth restriction. Which of the following age groups does she belong to?

Accepted Answer

The age group of 40 years and older is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, stillbirth, and fetal growth restriction. Susan has been advised by her doctor to prepare for these outcomes, which suggests she belongs to this age group.

Question 12

The ________ stage is the longest stage of the birth process.

Accepted Answer

The first stage of the birth process, which involves the onset of labor through the full dilation of the cervix, is the longest stage. It can last from hours to even days, especially in first-time mothers.

Question 13

Before the delivery of her baby, Karen experiences several traumatic life changes. She separates from her husband, discovers that her mother is seriously ill, and begins a more stressful job. Will Karen's baby be significantly affected by all the stress in Karen's life?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that high levels of stress during pregnancy can put the developing fetus at risk for cognitive and behavioral problems, including ADHD and language delays. Karen's multiple stressors could have a cumulative effect on her baby's development. It is important for Karen to seek support and resources to help her cope with the stress during her pregnancy.

Question 14

Sylvia, a 28-year-old pregnant woman, has been diagnosed with an illness that carries the risk of delivering very large infants, weighing 10 pounds or more. Which of the following diseases has Sylvia been diagnosed with?

Accepted Answer

Gestational diabetes is a condition that can cause a baby to be born weighing 10 pounds or more. It occurs during pregnancy and causes high blood sugar levels. It can lead to complications for the mother and the baby, including a difficult delivery, preterm birth, and respiratory problems for the baby. Genital herpes, AIDS, and syphilis do not typically cause large infant size.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true of the birth process?

Accepted Answer

The birth process occurs in three stages: labor, delivery of the baby, and delivery of the placenta (afterbirth).

Question 16

CenteringPregnancy is an innovative prenatal care program in the United States that provides complete prenatal care

Accepted Answer

CenteringPregnancy provides prenatal care in group settings.

Question 17

Julianne lost her baby early in her pregnancy. Which of the following paternal factors could have possibly led to this outcome?

Accepted Answer

Smoking during pregnancy is known to increase the risk of miscarriage, premature birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth. Therefore, Julianne's partner's heavy smoking habit could have contributed to the loss of their baby early in the pregnancy. The other factors mentioned, such as being overweight, deficient in vitamin C, or going through emotional stress, while not ideal for a healthy pregnancy, do not have a direct impact on fetal development and survival in the same way that smoking does.

Question 18

Angela is 30 weeks pregnant. Since her due date is approaching, she is looking for a caregiver who will provide her with continuous physical, emotional, and educational support before, during, and after childbirth. Which of the following terms refers to this kind of caregiver?

Accepted Answer

A doula is a trained professional who provides physical, emotional, and educational support to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period. They do not provide medical care, but rather focus on providing non-medical support and advocating for the mother's needs and preferences. A midwife, on the other hand, is a trained healthcare professional who can provide medical care during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period, but may not provide continuous physical or emotional support as a doula would. A pregnancy preparation specialist and healer are not specific terms used for childbirth support providers, and may have different meanings depending on context.

Question 19

What is the recommended daily dosage of folic acid for pregnant women, as issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services?

Accepted Answer

The recommended daily dosage of folic acid for pregnant women, as issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is 400 micrograms. Folic acid is important for the development of the neural tube in a growing fetus and can help prevent birth defects. It is recommended that women of childbearing age get at least 400 micrograms of folic acid daily, preferably through a combination of diet and supplements, and increase this to 600-800 micrograms during pregnancy.

Question 20

According to a recent study, which of the following observations was made about women who participated in the CenteringPregnancy program?

Accepted Answer

The study found that women who participated in the CenteringPregnancy program had higher rates of breast-feeding. No information was provided about women feeling secure without midwives or feeling more stressed after a session. The study also did not indicate that low-income women benefited less from the program.

Quiz 3: Prenatal Development and Birth