Question 1

Xia is an accountant and is having a busy morning.She is often putting her pencil in her teeth as a way to hold on to it as she shuffles through her papers.According to the facial-feedback theory,what will this do to Xia's mood?

Accepted Answer

According to the facial-feedback theory, holding a pencil between one's teeth causes the facial muscles to mimic a smile, which can improve one's mood and lead to a more positive outlook. Therefore, Xia's habit of putting her pencil in her teeth may actually improve her mood and help her feel more focused and productive.

Question 2

Lazarus cognitive-mediational theory suggests that

Accepted Answer

Lazarus's cognitive-mediational theory proposes that our emotional experience is determined by our appraisal of an environmental stimulus. Therefore, the emotions we feel are a result of our interpretation of a situation rather than just a physiological response.

Question 3

Data collected by Dutton and Aron (1974)indicated that anxious arousal from being on a narrow bridge can be misinterpreted as romantic interest.What theory of emotion does this data support?

Accepted Answer

The data collected by Dutton and Aron (1974) that anxious arousal from being on a narrow bridge can be misinterpreted as romantic interest supports the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion. This theory proposes that emotions are the result of a two-step process, where physiological arousal is first experienced and then interpreted through cognitive processing and labeling, leading to the experience of emotion. In this case, the physiological arousal (anxious arousal) is misinterpreted as romantic interest, highlighting the role of our cognitive interpretation in shaping emotional experiences.

Question 4

Who originated the concept of facial-feedback as a theory of emotion?

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin is often credited with originating the concept of facial-feedback as a theory of emotion in his book "The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals" (1872).

Question 5

To combat depression,Simone's therapist told her to practice smiling.What theory of emotion does Simone's therapist support?

Accepted Answer

The facial-feedback theory proposes that the movement of facial muscles can influence emotions. In this case, Simone's therapist suggests that the act of smiling can help to alleviate depression by inducing positive emotions.

Question 6

In what way is the James-Lange theory similar to the Two-Factor theory of emotion?

Accepted Answer

Both theories propose that physiological arousal occurs before the emotional experience, although they differ in the role of cognitive processes.

Question 7

Marti and Fleur were running partners who mistook their physical arousal for romantic arousal.What theory of emotion describes the mislabelling of physical arousal?

Accepted Answer

The theory of Schachter-Singer, also known as the two-factor theory of emotion, suggests that emotions are the result of a cognitive interpretation of physiological arousal and environmental context. In the case of Marti and Fleur, they experienced physical arousal during their running, and their interpretation of this physiological response was misattributed as romantic arousal.

Question 8

What vowel sound did Zajonc and colleagues hypothesize would result in positive emotional experiences?

Accepted Answer

Zajonc and colleagues hypothesized that the "ah" sound, such as in words like "calm" and "father," would result in positive emotional experiences. This is based on the idea that the sound is associated with relaxation and contentment, as it is commonly used in sighs of relief or satisfaction.

Question 9

How is the cognitive-mediational theory of emotion different from Schacter and Singer's theory?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive-mediational theory places a greater emphasis on the role of cognitive interpretations in the emotional experience, whereas Schacter and Singer's two-factor theory emphasizes the importance of both physiological arousal and cognitive interpretations. Therefore, choice B is the best answer.

Question 10

Which group that received epinephrine in the initial study conducted by Schachter and Singer was immune to the arousal manipulation?

Accepted Answer

The informed group was immune to the arousal manipulation because they were accurately informed about the effects of the epinephrine, which allowed them to correctly attribute their physiological arousal to the drug, rather than to the experimental situation.

Question 11

Which of the following best illustrates cognitive-mediational theory?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-mediational theory proposes that our perception and interpretation of a situation or event mediate our emotional response. In this example, Jonah's realization that the bear is in a cage alters his perception of the situation, reducing his fear response.

Question 12

What type of smile reveals genuine emotion due to facial activity around the eyes and mouth?

Accepted Answer

Duchenne smile is the type of smile that reveals genuine emotion, as it involves facial activity around the eyes and mouth. This type of smile is also known as a "genuine" or "felt" smile.

Question 13

Walking down the street,you are confronted by a dog baring its teeth and growling.Your heart rate increases,and you start to run away from this dangerous situation that has caused you to experience fear.Which theory of emotion is illustrated in this example?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Walking down the street,you are confronted by...

Question 14

What is the difference between the James-Lange and the Cannon-Bard theories of emotion?

Accepted Answer

The main difference between the James-Lange and Cannon-Bard theories of emotion is that the James-Lange theory argues that physiological arousal precedes the emotion, while the Cannon-Bard theory argues that physiological arousal and the emotion occur simultaneously. According to the James-Lange theory, we experience emotions as a result of perceiving our physiological responses. In contrast, the Cannon-Bard theory suggests that emotions and physiological reactions occur at the same time, and that these two processes are not causally linked.

Question 15

Walking down the street,you are confronted by a dog baring its teeth and growling.According to the Schachter and Singer Two-Factor theory,which of the following is most likely to be the conclusion you reach?

Accepted Answer

The Schachter and Singer Two-Factor theory suggests that emotion is based on physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal. In this case, the fast heartbeat combined with the dangerous situation leads to the conclusion of fear.

Question 16

What psychologist developed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotion?

Accepted Answer

Lazarus is the psychologist who developed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotion. This theory suggests that our emotions are mediated by our cognitive interpretations of an event or situation, rather than solely by the event or situation itself.

Question 17

Which theory of emotion supposes that physiological arousal and emotion happen simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion suggests that an event leads to both physiological arousal and emotional experience happening simultaneously. This theory contrasts with the James-Lange theory, which states that physiological arousal precedes and causes emotion, and the Two-Factor theory, which suggests that both physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal are required for emotional experience. The facial-feedback theory proposes that facial expressions feedback into and amplify emotional experience.

Question 18

According to Tomkins,what inborn system is activated by emotionally-stirring stimuli to bypass the parts of the brain involved in cognition?

Accepted Answer

According to Tomkins, the affect program is an inborn system that is activated by emotionally-stirring stimuli to bypass the parts of the brain involved in cognition.

Question 19

What term refers to the sensory feedback received from the activity of facial muscles?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What term refers to the sensory feedback...

Question 20

Yusuf is meeting a blind date on a rickety suspension bridge above a large canyon with rapids below.How is he likely to rate her attractiveness compared to if he was meeting her in a park?

Accepted Answer

This scenario is related to the misattribution of arousal, a psychological phenomenon where people mistake the source of their physiological arousal. The excitement and increased heart rate from the dangerous setting of the bridge can be misattributed to the attraction felt towards the date, making the person seem more attractive than in a neutral setting like a park.

Quiz 11: Motivation and Emotion