Question 1

Which of the following is one of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development include the pre-conventional level, the conventional level, and the post-conventional (or principled) level. Therefore, the best choice is D) principled.

Question 2

A person who sees beyond authority,laws,and norms and follows his own self-chosen ethical principles is most likely to be in the ________ stage of Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development includes six stages, which are divided into three levels: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. The fourth stage is often referred to as the "principled" or "autonomous" stage, in which the individual's moral decisions are based on self-chosen ethical principles rather than external authority or social norms. Therefore, a person who sees beyond authority, laws, and norms and follows his own ethical principles is most likely to be in the principled stage.

Question 3

Rashida is a traveling sales representative.Most of her colleagues fill out inaccurate expense records to be eligible for extra reimbursement.Rashida can either do the same thing or record real,accurate expenses.Rashida's situation is an example of

Accepted Answer

Rashida's situation is an ethical issue because she is faced with a decision regarding what is right and wrong in terms of accurately reporting her expenses. She must choose between following her colleagues' unethical approach or maintaining her own moral principles.

Question 4

Kiko works as a receptionist for a medical office.Some of the doctors have asked her to tell patients that they are in an appointment when in fact they are playing golf.Which of the following actions would Kiko take if she wanted to follow the ethical system of universalism?

Accepted Answer

Universalism is an ethical system that suggests that certain principles, such as honesty, should be upheld by everyone. Therefore, Kiko would refuse to lie and might even quit her job to uphold these values.

Question 5

________ is moral philosophy

Accepted Answer

Moral philosophy refers to principles, rules, and values that people use to decide what is right or wrong. It is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of morality and ethics. Option A refers to a system of rules, while Option B refers to a system of ethical ideas. Option C refers to utilitarianism, a moral theory that prioritizes the greatest good for the greatest number. Option E refers to compliance and legal ethics.

Question 6

When he stays in hotels,Jamal packs whatever towels he hasn't dirtied into his suitcase to take home.Because all his colleagues do the same thing,he thinks it is acceptable to do so.In this scenario,which of the following ethical systems has Jamal used to rationalize his decision?

Accepted Answer

Jamal is using relativism to rationalize his decision. He believes that because his colleagues also do the same thing, it is acceptable behavior. Relativism is an ethical system that believes morality is subjective and varies based on cultural or societal norms. In this case, Jamal is using the norm of his colleagues as a justification for his action.

Question 7

Who often suffers the most when corporations behave unethically?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who often suffers the most when corporations...

Question 8

Maja's behavior is typically guided by what she thinks would be acceptable to her parents.According to Kohlberg,which of the following stages of moral development does Maja's behavior exemplify?

Accepted Answer

Maja's behavior exemplifies the conventional stage of moral development, which is characterized by following social norms and expectations in order to gain approval and avoid disapproval from others, particularly authority figures like parents.

Question 9

Ellis plans to start a business called Egg Smart,which involves producing eggs for consumers at a low price.To accomplish this,Ellis decides to comply with only the minimum safety standards.Based on virtue ethics,what is the problem with Ellis's approach?

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics emphasizes moral character and going beyond mere compliance with rules, focusing on what a virtuous person would do. Ellis's approach of only meeting minimum standards does not align with striving for excellence or moral virtue.

Question 10

________ considers acceptable behavior to be that which maximizes benefits for the individual.

Accepted Answer

Egoism is the ethical theory that treats self-interest as the foundation of morality, focusing on maximizing benefits for the individual.

Question 11

________ is the system of rules that governs the ordering of values.

Accepted Answer

Ethics refers to the system of moral principles that governs the behavior and actions of individuals or groups. It outlines the ordering of values and sets standards that guide decision-making and behavior in personal and professional contexts.

Question 12

________ are the two ethical ideals of the Caux Principles.

Accepted Answer

The Caux Principles are based on the ethical ideals of Kyosei, meaning living and working together for the common good, and human dignity, emphasizing the value and worth of every person.

Question 13

According to Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development,people in which of the following stages tend to make decisions based on rewards and punishments and immediate self-interest?

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg's model, people in the preconventional stage tend to make decisions based on rewards, punishments, and immediate self-interest. This stage is typically seen in children and some adults. The other options listed are not consistent with the characteristics of the preconventional stage.

Question 14

Rafael believes that everyone should uphold honesty,justice,and kindness so that society can function at its best.Which ethical system best fits Rafael's beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Rafael's belief in upholding honesty, justice, and kindness aligns with the universalism ethical system, which dictates that moral principles apply universally to all individuals and societies regardless of cultural, social, or geographical differences. Rafael believes that these principles are essential for the proper functioning of society, suggesting that they should be applied consistently across different places and contexts.

Question 15

________ acknowledges the existence of different ethical viewpoints and uses norms as guidelines.

Accepted Answer

Relativism acknowledges the existence of different ethical viewpoints and suggests that norms should be used as guidelines rather than absolute rules, recognizing the variability in moral standards across different cultures and individuals.

Question 16

Which of the following statements best describes relativism?

Accepted Answer

Relativism is the belief that ethical behavior is subjective and depends on the opinions and behaviors of relevant others, as opposed to being based on objective, universal principles. Choice A describes utilitarianism, choice B describes ethical egoism, choice D describes virtue ethics, and choice E describes a specific religious perspective.

Question 17

Utilitarianism is centered around the idea that

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism is a consequentialist ethical theory that holds that the morality of an action is determined by its ability to produce the greatest amount of happiness or pleasure for the greatest number of people. The goal is to maximize overall happiness or utility, and this can only be achieved by considering the well-being of the majority. In other words, the greatest good for the greatest number should be the primary consideration in decision-making.

Question 18

The management of an organization follows the ideology that if they work keeping in mind the company's own economic self-interest,the total wealth of the society will be maximized.Which of the following best describes the ethical system used by this organization?

Accepted Answer

The ethical system used by this organization is egoism, as they are focused on maximizing their own economic self-interest, without concern for the greater good of society.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is true?

Accepted Answer

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed in 2002 and requires strict adherence to accounting rules in order to improve transparency and accountability in corporate financial reporting. It also requires the CEO and CFO to sign off on financial results, making them personally responsible for any false information. It does not allow senior managers to refuse to sign off on financial results, nor does it require whistleblowers to be fired. The act is not specifically focused on maintaining truth in advertising, although it does aim to protect investors from fraudulent practices.

Question 20

Afonso is a customer service representative who determines his work behavior solely on whether he thinks he can do actions without receiving immediate punishment from his boss.According to Kohlberg,which of the following stages of moral development does Afonso's behavior exemplify?

Accepted Answer

Afonso's behavior exemplifies the preconventional stage of moral development, which is characterized by a focus on punishment and reward. Individuals at this stage determine their behavior based solely on whether or not they will receive immediate punishment or reward for their actions without regard to societal rules or laws.

Quiz 5: Ethics, corporate Responsibility, and Sustainability