Question 1

An individual with vitamin D deficiency will experience which of the following problems?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption in the body. Without sufficient vitamin D, the body cannot absorb enough calcium, resulting in weaker bones and teeth.

Question 2

Some people who contract malaria are weak during recovery and cannot exert themselves for any length of time because the parasitic infection has caused the rupture of a large percentage of blood cells. Some people suggest that they should eat rare steak while in recovery. What is the premise of this suggestion?

Accepted Answer

Rare steak is a good source of iron, which plays a key role in the formation of new red blood cells. Malaria causes the rupture of a large number of blood cells, leading to anemia and a decreased ability to transport oxygen throughout the body. Eating rare steak can help increase the iron content in the body, which can assist in the formation of new red blood cells and the recovery process.

Question 3

In what order are internal fuel reserves consumed during starvation?

Accepted Answer

During starvation, the body first uses glycogen stores for energy. Once glycogen is depleted, it turns to fat reserves, and finally, when fat reserves are low, it starts breaking down proteins for energy.

Question 4

When an individual loses weight, he or she is in _____ energy balance.

Accepted Answer

When an individual loses weight, it means they are using more energy than they consume, which means they are in negative energy balance. This is because weight loss requires a calorie deficit, which can only occur when the body burns more calories than it takes in through food and drink.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

An excess intake of food actually results in a shift in metabolism to mostly anabolic processes, which involves building up molecules and energy stores. This is why a net positive energy intake results in the growth of fat stores. Option A, which claims that an excess intake of food shifts metabolism to mostly catabolic processes, is false.

Question 6

During starvation, humans and other animals deplete glycogen and fat reserves first, followed by protein.

Accepted Answer

During starvation, glycogen and fat reserves are depleted first for energy. Only in extreme cases of starvation, protein may be used for energy as well.

Question 7

Most individuals who include meat in their diet don't need to carefully monitor the protein that they eat. However, vegetarians must monitor their diet more closely to ensure they are getting the appropriate levels of:

Accepted Answer

Essential amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and must be obtained through the diet. Plant-based sources of protein may not contain all essential amino acids, so it is important for vegetarians to ensure they are consuming a variety of protein sources to meet their needs. However, it is also important for vegetarians to pay attention to their intake of vitamins, fats, and carbohydrates to ensure a well-rounded and balanced diet.

Question 8

Humans are capable of synthesizing 12 of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids without having to obtain them from their diets.

Accepted Answer

This is true. The 12 amino acids that can be synthesized by the human body are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, tyrosine, and histidine (although histidine synthesis is limited in infants and must be obtained from the diet). The remaining 8 essential amino acids must be obtained through the diet.

Question 9

The most reliable dietary source of all eight essential amino acids is:

Accepted Answer

Meat is the most reliable dietary source of all eight essential amino acids, as it contains a high concentration of complete proteins that include all of these amino acids. While nuts, vegetables, whole grains, and dairy products are all good sources of protein and certain essential amino acids, they may not contain all eight in sufficient amounts.

Question 10

Which of the following vitamins is lipid soluble?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A is lipid soluble, meaning it can dissolve in fats and oils. Vitamin B, on the other hand, is water soluble, meaning it can dissolve in water.

Question 11

Organic molecules that are required in small amounts in the diet are called _____ and have diverse roles, including participating in enzymatic reactions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Organic molecules that are required in small...

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an example of a dietary mineral?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants and is not considered a dietary mineral for humans.

Question 13

Basic life processes account for what percentage of energy use in animals?

Accepted Answer

Basic life processes, such as maintaining body temperature, breathing, and circulation, typically account for about 70% of an animal's energy use.

Question 14

An essential amino acid is defined as one that:

Accepted Answer

An essential amino acid is one that cannot be synthesized by cellular biochemical pathways and must be obtained through the diet. B, B, and E are not the defining characteristics of an essential amino acid.

Question 15

What can animals do to maintain an energy balance when food supplies become scarce in winter?

Accepted Answer

Animals can maintain an energy balance in harsh winter conditions through a combination of hibernation to reduce energy expenditure, migration to areas with more abundant food supplies, migration to warmer areas, and building up enough of a positive energy balance during summer and fall to sustain them through the winter. All of these choices are correct.

Question 16

When an individual has an energy surplus, he or she stores the extra energy as:

Accepted Answer

The body stores extra energy as lipids, commonly known as fats. Carbohydrates and proteins can be stored to a limited extent, but the majority of excess energy is stored as lipids in adipose tissue. Nucleic acids do not play a role in energy storage.

Question 17

The blood of some individuals does not carry sufficient oxygen to their tissues. These individuals could be deficient in:

Accepted Answer

Iron is essential for the formation of hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen to the tissues. Deficiency in iron can result in decreased production of hemoglobin and inadequate oxygen delivery to the tissues.

Question 18

During cool daytime temperatures, an endotherm and an ectotherm both regulate blood flow to their extremities. Which of the following statements reflects how each responds to cooler daytime temperatures?

Accepted Answer

Endotherms vasoconstrict vessels to their extremities to reduce heat loss to the environment, while ectotherms vasodilate vessels to their extremities to gain heat from the environment.

Question 19

Most vegetarians have to watch their diet closely and eat certain foods in combination, like lentils and corn, to obtain all of their essential amino acids. Which of the following statements is the BEST explanation of why this is so?

Accepted Answer

Eating meat provides all essential amino acids necessary for human health, which vegetarians must obtain through a carefully planned combination of plant-based foods, as plant sources often lack one or more of these essential nutrients.

Question 20

A calorie is a:

Accepted Answer

A calorie is a unit of energy commonly used to express the amount of energy provided by food. It is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. As such, it is a measure of energy, not a particular quantity of food or nutritional quality. It is also not a measure of entropy, which refers to the degree of disorder or randomness in a system.

Quiz 40: Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion