Question 1

Which of these statements best describes the goal of population health?

Accepted Answer

The goal of population health is to improve the health of an entire population, not just specific subsets. While analyzing health status and improving immunization rates and child health may be part of the strategy, the overall goal is to achieve better health outcomes for everyone in the population.

Question 2

Total health care spending estimates include both public and private payment sources. Approximately what percentage of total health spending in Canada for 2013 was paid for through tax dollars?

Accepted Answer

In 2013, approximately 70% of total health spending in Canada was paid for through tax dollars, which includes both federal and provincial/territorial government funding. The remaining 30% is funded through private insurance, out-of-pocket payments, and other non-public sources.

Question 3

Which type of a health care delivery system best describes regionalization of health care in Canada?

Accepted Answer

Integrated health care delivery systems involve coordination and collaboration among various health care providers and institutions within a geographic region. This describes the regionalization of health care in Canada where there is integration and coordination of services across different levels of care such as hospitals, primary care clinics, and long-term care facilities. Consolidated delivery systems involve the merger of multiple health care organizations into a single entity. Accountable care delivery systems focus on quality and value-based care while primary care systems emphasize the provision of primary health care services in the community.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the current health status of the Canadian population?

Accepted Answer

According to various health indicators and statistics, the Canadian population is generally in a healthier state than in the past. For example, life expectancy has increased, infant mortality rates have decreased, and smoking rates have decreased. While there are still health concerns such as chronic disease and mental health, the overall trend is towards better health.

Question 5

Which of the following federal acts was passed in 1977 and changed the funding arrangement between the federal government and the provinces from cost-sharing to block funding provided by the federal government?

Accepted Answer

The Established Programs Financing Act (EPF) was passed in 1977 and changed the funding arrangement between the federal government and the provinces from cost-sharing to block funding provided by the federal government. The Canada Health Act and the Medicare Act are health care acts that outline the standards for health care coverage in Canada, but they did not change the funding arrangement. The Constitution Act is the document that outlines the division of powers between the federal and provincial governments, but it also did not change the funding arrangement.

Question 6

Which of these statements best describes the responsibilities of the provinces in relation to health care?

Accepted Answer

The Constitution Act of 1867 assigns responsibility for health care to the provinces. This means provinces are responsible for the administration, delivery, and financing of their own health care services. The federal government provides funding support through the Canada Health Transfer, but the provinces have the primary responsibility for delivering health services to their residents.

Question 7

Which of these national bodies is responsible for the accreditation of health service organizations in Canada?

Accepted Answer

Accreditation Canada is responsible for the accreditation of health service organizations in Canada. The other options listed are not responsible for this task.

Question 8

Which one of the following population groups in Canada is recognized as most at risk for serious health disparities compared to the general population?

Accepted Answer

First Nations adults in Canada are recognized as most at risk for serious health disparities compared to the general population. They experience disproportionately high rates of chronic diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease, as well as lower life expectancies and poorer overall health outcomes. This is due to a variety of factors, including historic and ongoing colonialism, discrimination, and limited access to healthcare services.

Question 9

Privacy legislation in Canada has two federal privacy laws: the Privacy Act and the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA). The Privacy Act, created in 1983, states that clients have the right to

Accepted Answer

The Privacy Act provides clients with the right to access their personal information held by government institutions, including corrections and updates. However, this law only applies to information held by government institutions and not to private sector organizations. PIPEDA, on the other hand, applies to all private sector organizations, and it gives clients the right to access their personal information held by these organizations, as well as the right to have their information updated or corrected. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as it is the only option that accurately represents the rights granted under federal privacy legislation.

Question 10

Which of the following dollar amounts is the average spent annually on health care per person in Canada, based on Statistics Canada data for 2013?

Accepted Answer

According to Statistics Canada data for 2013, the average spent annually on health care per person in Canada was $5,988.

Question 11

Which of the following is the internationally respected report on the determinants of health (published in 1974) that established Canada as an early leader in population health?

Accepted Answer

The internationally respected report on the determinants of health (published in 1974) that established Canada as an early leader in population health is known as the Lalonde Report. The Kirby Report (2002) focused on health care, while the Epp Report (1986) emphasized the importance of prevention and health promotion. There is no known report called the Clair Report related to public health.

Question 12

Based on commonly used international comparisons, where does Canada rank in terms of annual total spending on health care?

Accepted Answer

Canada ranks fifth in terms of annual total spending on health care among developed countries, according to data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Question 13

Which of the following statements best describes the overall goal of health care delivery in Canada?

Accepted Answer

The overall goal of health care delivery in Canada is to provide Canadians with reasonable access to medically necessary insured services, without the need to pay directly. While health care services are not completely free in Canada, they are covered by the publicly funded system, ensuring that all Canadians have equal access to necessary medical services regardless of their ability to pay. Option A is incorrect as patients may need to pay for some health services not covered by the public system, such as dental or optometry services. Option C is also incorrect as health care services are not completely free, although they are subsidized by taxpayers. Finally, option D is incorrect as Canada's health care system is publicly funded, meaning that the government pays for health services rather than individuals or employers.

Question 14

In addition to health emergencies and chronic disease and injury prevention, which of the following is the third main area of responsibility of the Canadian public health system?

Accepted Answer

Health promotion is the third main area of responsibility of the Canadian public health system. It involves promoting healthy behaviors and lifestyle choices as well as addressing social determinants of health to improve overall population health.

Question 15

Which two components resulted from the split in 2004 of the block-funding grant called the Canada Health and Social Transfer (CHST)?

Accepted Answer

The split in 2004 resulted in the creation of two separate funding transfers, the Canada Health Transfer (CHT) and the Canada Social Transfer (CST). The CHT provides funding for provincial and territorial healthcare systems, while the CST provides funding for social programs such as social assistance, social services, and post-secondary education. Option A is incorrect because it only addresses transfers for health and education, but fails to distinguish between post-secondary education and other social programs. Option B is incorrect because it refers to "medicare," which is part of the CHT, and an education transfer, which is part of the CST, but does not accurately reflect the names of the two transfers. Option D is incorrect because it only refers to health funding and social assistance funding, but fails to differentiate between other social programs included in the CST.

Question 16

Which province was the first to implement universal hospital insurance?

Accepted Answer

Saskatchewan was the first province in Canada to implement universal hospital insurance, in 1947 under the leadership of Premier Tommy Douglas. This paved the way for other provinces to follow suit and eventually led to the creation of Canada's national healthcare system, Medicare, in 1966.

Question 17

Approximately how many registered nurses (RNs) are there in Canada?

Accepted Answer

According to the Canadian Nurses Association, as of 2019, there are approximately 296,000 registered nurses in Canada.

Question 18

In which year did all provinces and territories expand their public insurance plans to include both physician and hospital services?

Accepted Answer

In 1972, all provinces and territories expanded their public insurance plans to include both physician and hospital services. This resulted in the establishment of the current Canadian healthcare system, known as Medicare.

Question 19

The Canada Health Care Act, which was passed in 1984, defines five principles for health care in Canada: universality, comprehensiveness, accessibility, portability, and public administration. Which of the following funding provisions is also specified in this Act?

Accepted Answer

The Canada Health Care Act prohibits doctors from extra billing, and prohibits user fees for insured services, in order to maintain the principle of universality and ensure that health care is accessible to all Canadians regardless of their ability to pay. Option A, allowing clients to be charged for non-emergency care, would compromise this principle. Option C, allowing doctors to extra bill, would also undermine the principle of accessibility by allowing some Canadians to receive better or more timely care at the expense of others. Option D, allowing private clinics to charge user fees for insured services, would create a two-tiered system where those who can afford to pay out-of-pocket can receive better or faster care than those who cannot, again compromising the principle of accessibility.

Question 20

Health care is often viewed at five levels: primary health care, hospital (acute) care; community care; specialized services; and ________

Accepted Answer

The answer of Health care is often viewed at five...

Quiz 1: Canadas Health Care Environment