Question 1

Analyze the paradigm shift from the progressive movement to traditional education concepts that occurred roughly in the 1950s. In your response, give at least two specific examples of major sociological, political, or economic changes that fostered this shift.

Accepted Answer

The paradigm shift from the progressive movement to traditional education concepts in the 1950s was influenced by several major sociological, political, and economic changes. One specific example of a sociological change that fostered this shift was the post-World War II emphasis on conformity and stability. The war had created a sense of uncertainty and fear, leading many people to prioritize traditional values and structures in order to restore a sense of normalcy. This societal shift towards conformity and stability influenced the education system to prioritize traditional teaching methods and curriculum over the more experimental and child-centered approaches of the progressive movement.

Another example of a political change that fostered this shift was the Cold War and the subsequent fear of communism. The United States was engaged in a global ideological battle with the Soviet Union, and there was a strong emphasis on promoting American values and patriotism. This political climate led to a push for a more standardized and uniform education system that would instill American ideals and prepare students to compete in the global arena. As a result, traditional education concepts that emphasized discipline, rote learning, and standardized testing became more prevalent during this time.

Overall, the paradigm shift from the progressive movement to traditional education concepts in the 1950s was influenced by a combination of sociological, political, and economic changes that prioritized stability, conformity, and national identity. These changes led to a shift in educational philosophy and practices, with traditional concepts gaining prominence over the more progressive approaches of the early 20th century.

Question 2

Assess the impact of Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory MIT on schools and school leaders including how teachers and leaders can use this theory to improve the impact of schooling on students. Your analysis should include a definition of MIT and an explanation of how this theory differs from traditional intelligence theory.

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory (MIT) has had a significant impact on schools and school leaders since its introduction in the 1980s. This theory suggests that intelligence is not a singular, fixed entity, but rather a set of multiple intelligences, including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligences. This differs from traditional intelligence theory, which typically focuses on a single measure of intelligence, such as IQ.

The impact of MIT on schools and school leaders has been profound. It has led to a shift in the way educators view and assess student intelligence, moving away from a one-size-fits-all approach to a more personalized and holistic understanding of intelligence. This has allowed for a greater appreciation of diverse talents and abilities among students, leading to more inclusive and effective teaching practices.

Teachers and school leaders can use MIT to improve the impact of schooling on students by recognizing and nurturing the various intelligences in their students. This can be done through differentiated instruction, allowing students to learn and demonstrate their understanding in ways that align with their individual strengths. For example, a student with strong musical intelligence may excel in a music-based project, while a student with strong spatial intelligence may thrive in a visual arts activity.

Additionally, school leaders can use MIT to inform their hiring and professional development practices, ensuring that educators are equipped to recognize and support the diverse intelligences of their students. By embracing MIT, schools can create a more inclusive and supportive learning environment, ultimately improving the impact of schooling on students.

Question 3

Give one example of an instructional technique used in progressive education that would clearly define this movement.

Accepted Answer

Examples might include such ideas as teachers use small groups of students in cooperative activities, teachers providing students with individualized lessons, or teachers allowing students to decide in which research project to participate.

Question 4

Explain what a theory is, and then illustrate how a theory might be used.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what a theory is, and then...

Question 5

Which of the following might happen in David Perkins' Smart Schools?
A) At the center of the curriculum is the belief that if students are taught as many facts as possible, they can use this knowledge to problem solve.
B) Thinking is at the center of the teaching and learning process.
C) The school is structured so that students work collaboratively.
D) Both b and C

Accepted Answer

Perkins' Smart Schools advocates for thinking to be at the center of the teaching and learning process, and for students to work collaboratively. It does not prioritize teaching as many facts as possible for problem-solving.

Question 6

What is the difference between theory of action and theory of practice? Define each concept and give at least one specific example for each and illustrate how a leader would use each concept.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between theory of...

Question 7

Describe what Richard Rothstein reported about the Golden Age of education and about which he wrote in his 1998 book The Way We Were. In other words, what did he find about the time in U.S. history when there was little criticism of U.S. education, i.e., the Golden Age?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe what Richard Rothstein reported about the...

Question 8

Which is true about the traditional paradigm of intelligence?
A) It is a general mental capability that involves reasoning and comprehension of complex ideas. 
B)It can be measured by intelligence tests.
C) It can be changed over time with study and practice.
D) Both a and b.

Accepted Answer

The traditional paradigm of intelligence includes the idea that it is a general mental capability that involves reasoning and comprehension of complex ideas, and that it can be measured by intelligence tests. Therefore, both options A and B are correct. Option C, however, is not necessarily true in the traditional paradigm, as it suggests that intelligence can be changed over time with study and practice, which is not always accepted under traditional views of intelligence.

Question 9

Theory of practice, as defined in our textbook, is best described as
A) The use of theories found in the research on teaching that are used to help teachers improve instructional practices. 
B) Developing a personal philosophy of educational leadership based on sound theory and research.
C) Developing your own theory of how to educate students.
D) Both a and c.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Theory of practice, as defined in our...

Question 10

The progressive education movement is best characterized by all of the following except:
A) Learning by doing.
B) Rote memorization.
C) Team learning.
D) Informality in the classroom.

Accepted Answer

Rote memorization is not a characteristic of progressive education. The movement emphasizes learning by doing, team learning, and informality in the classroom.

Question 11

Why should organizations maintain sustainability in good leadership?
A) Repeated changes in leadership can lead to inconsistent change processes.
B) Sustainable leadership can lead to consistent change processes.
C) Consistency in change processes is important in establishes a positive culture of change.
D) All of the above.

Accepted Answer

Maintaining sustainability in good leadership can lead to consistent change processes, which is important in establishing a positive culture of change. If there are repeated changes in leadership, it can lead to inconsistent change processes, which can ultimately affect the organization's ability to maintain sustainability. Therefore, organizations should prioritize sustainable leadership to ensure consistency in change processes.

Question 12

List one definition of Emotional Intelligence EI as discussed in this textbook.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List one definition of Emotional Intelligence EI...

Question 13

Which of the following list of individuals would have most agreed with findings similar to those in A Nation at Risk?
A) David Berliner and Jonathan Kozol.
B) Gerald Bracey and Arthur Bestor.
C) Thomas Sowell and Admiral Rickover.
D) Richard Rothstein and Albert Lynd.

Accepted Answer

Thomas Sowell and Admiral Rickover were both strong advocates for education reform and believed that the American education system was failing students. They would have agreed with the findings and recommendations presented in A Nation at Risk. The other individuals listed have either criticized the report or advocated for alternative approaches to education reform.

Question 14

Which is true about A Nation at Risk?
A) It was sponsored by the federal government during the Ronald Reagan administration. 
B) It criticized U.S. education and the achievement of students.
C) It was based on education research that was included in referencing this document.
D) Both a and b.

Accepted Answer

A Nation at Risk was sponsored by the federal government during the Ronald Reagan administration, and it criticized U.S. education and the achievement of students. It was not necessarily based on education research or referencing existing data, as much as it was a call to action based on concerns about the future of American education.

Question 15

Bartlett Giamatti described truth as an amalgam. This analogy is used in our text to describe how we might understand the state of schooling in the United States. Which of the following would best describe the amalgam of truth that exists in U.S. education?
A) On the one hand we have the critics of U.S. education who believe that schools are failing, and on the other we have those who defend the current status of education.
B) Curricula in schools today are a blend of progressive and traditional education concepts.
C) There is a tension between the federal and state government for control of education policy.
D) Both b and c above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bartlett Giamatti described truth as an amalgam....

Quiz 2: Guiding Concepts for a Theory of Practice

Analyze the paradigm shift from the progressive movement to traditional education concepts that occurred roughly in the 1950s. In your response, give at least two specific examples of major sociological, political, or economic changes that fostered this shift.

Give one example of an instructional technique used in progressive education that would clearly define this movement.

Explain what a theory is, and then illustrate how a theory might be used.

Which of the following might happen in David Perkins' Smart Schools?

What is the difference between theory of action and theory of practice? Define each concept and give at least one specific example for each and illustrate how a leader would use each concept.

Describe what Richard Rothstein reported about the Golden Age of education and about which he wrote in his 1998 book The Way We Were. In other words, what did he find about the time in U.S. history when there was little criticism of U.S. education, i.e., the Golden Age?

Which is true about the traditional paradigm of intelligence?

Theory of practice, as defined in our textbook, is best described as

The progressive education movement is best characterized by all of the following except:

Why should organizations maintain sustainability in good leadership?

List one definition of Emotional Intelligence EI as discussed in this textbook.

Which of the following list of individuals would have most agreed with findings similar to those in A Nation at Risk?

Which is true about A Nation at Risk?

Bartlett Giamatti described truth as an amalgam. This analogy is used in our text to describe how we might understand the state of schooling in the United States. Which of the following would best describe the amalgam of truth that exists in U.S. education?