Question 1

Whose work was influential in laying the foundation for the concept of personality types?
A) Sigmund Freud.
B) William James.
C) Howard Gardner.
D) Carl Jung.
E) Both a and b.

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung's work, specifically his theory of psychological types, was influential in laying the foundation for the concept of personality types. While Sigmund Freud and William James contributed to the development of psychological theory, it was Jung who specifically focused on identifying different personality types based on his observations of patients and their behaviors. Howard Gardner is known for his theory of multiple intelligences, which is a separate concept from personality types. Option E is not completely incorrect as both Freud and James were influential in the development of psychology as a field, but only Jung's work focused specifically on personality types.

Question 2

Which of the following are true about different personality types? Select all that apply.
A) About 75% of the population is thought to be extraverted.
B) A perceiving person is one who tends to use either sensing or intuition.
C) A feeling person uses reasoning, logic, and analysis to make judgments.
D) A judging person is one who tends to use intuition.
E) A judging person is one who tends to be introverted.

Accepted Answer

B) A perceiving person is indeed one who tends to use either sensing or intuition, according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality framework. This contrasts with a judging person, who prefers making decisions based on thinking or feeling.

Question 3

The four dimensions of human personality measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator MBTI are
A) introversion-extroversion; sensation- feeling; thinking-intuition; perceiving-judging.
B) introversion- intuition; sensation-thinking; extroversion-judging; perceiving-feeling.
C) perceiving- feeling; Introversion-extroversion; sensation-intuition; thinking- judging.
D) introversion-extroversion; sensation- thinking; intuition-feeling; perceiving-judging.
E) sensation-intuition; introversion-extroversion; thinking-feeling; perceiving-judging.

Accepted Answer

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) measures personality across four dimensions: 1) Introversion-Extroversion, 2) Sensation-Intuition, 3) Thinking-Feeling, and 4) Perceiving-Judging. These dimensions reflect preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions.

Question 4

What is self-efficacy and how is it different from self-concept. Then illustrate how principals can apply the concept of self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is self-efficacy and how is it...

Question 5

Select all of the following that reflect motivational patterns that scholars believe are evident in human behavior.
A) Direction in making choices.
B) Persistence.
C) Belief.
D) Desire.
E) Intensity.

Accepted Answer

Motivational patterns in human behavior typically include direction in making choices, persistence in pursuing goals, and intensity of effort. These elements help explain how motivation influences behavior.

Question 6

Using Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, select all of the following a leader might do to insure that the employees are successful in change efforts.
A) Provide feedback to employees on whether or not they are successfully implementing change.
B) Set standards against which employees can judge their own effectiveness.
C) Provide training that gives employees practice at implementation.
D) Have employees observe others implement similar change.
E) Allow employees to make changes in implementation that they believe are necessary.

Accepted Answer

Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory emphasizes the importance of observational learning, imitation, and modeling. Therefore, providing feedback (A), setting standards (B), offering training (C), allowing observation of others (D), and enabling personal adjustments (E) all align with fostering an environment where employees can learn, adapt, and successfully implement change.

Question 7

What is the Protestant Work Ethic and what does David McClelland add to the discourse in terms of achievement motivation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the Protestant Work Ethic and...

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct hierarchy of needs from lowest to highest?
A) Security and safety; social affiliation; autonomy; self-esteem; self-actualization.
B) Social affiliation; security and safety; self-esteem; autonomy; self-actualization.
C) Security and safety; self-esteem; social affiliation; autonomy; self-actualization.
D) Security and safety; social affiliation; self-esteem; self-actualization; autonomy.
E) Security and safety; social affiliation; self-esteem; autonomy; self-actualization.

Accepted Answer

The correct hierarchy of needs, according to Maslow's theory, is as follows: physiological needs (such as food and water), safety and security needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs (including both self-esteem and esteem from others), and self-actualization needs. Therefore, the correct answer is E, which lists the needs in this order: security and safety, social affiliation, self-esteem, autonomy, and self-actualization.

Question 9

Which of the following did the Hawthorne Experiments find to be true? Select all that are correct.
A) If you pay attention to people and change their working conditions, their motivation will improve, thereby increasing productivity.
B) Output went back to previous levels when working conditions returned to previous circumstances.
C) Output rose because people were allowed to participate in decision making related to their working conditions.
D) Output rose because the workers were offered financial incentives.
E) Output rose because the workers were given specific training related to their responsibilities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following did the Hawthorne...

Question 10

In applying Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation which of the following might be true? Select all that apply.
A) If a principal allows individuals to participate in decision making, it can lead to dissatisfaction.
B) If a principal attempts to make an individual's job more interesting, the individual may become dissatisfied because of the extra work load.
C) By providing job security, the school district believes workers will be more satisfied.
D) A consultant informs the superintendent that if she recommends a salary increase that will not keep up with inflation, it will likely create dissatisfaction.
E) The district administration believes that by developing a new teacher evaluation instrument that better measures and recognizes teacher accomplishments, teachers will be more satisfied.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In applying Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation...

Question 11

Which of the following are examples that a behaviorist would support? Select all that apply.
A) A teacher who was willing to chair a difficult committee is promoted to department head.
B) Teachers in each department are asked to develop curriculum guides to implement new state standards.
C) At a school-wide meeting teachers work in groups to recommend changes to the school vision and mission.
D) The district begins a new merit pay plan for teachers.
E) Those teachers who have more than 75% of their students scoring below the district average on the state test are placed on probationary status.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are examples that...

Question 12

Using Porter's revised model of Maslow's hierarch of needs, list them in correct order from higher order to lower order needs: self-esteem; affiliation; autonomy; self-actualization; security. Then in a few sentences, describe how one should interpret this theory in terms of motivation of employees.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using Porter's revised model of Maslow's hierarch...

Question 13

Which of the following characteristics does John Atkinson believe drive motivation? Select all that apply.
A) Rewards and punishments.
B) Desire to achieve.
C) Empowerment.
D) Need to avoid failure.
E) Need to prove oneself.

Accepted Answer

John Atkinson's theory of motivation emphasizes the desire to achieve and the need to avoid failure as key drivers of motivation.

Question 14

Which of the following did Thomas Sergiovanni conclude from his studies of motivation? Select all that apply.
A) Older teachers were more concerned about self-esteem.
B) Younger teachers were more concerned about safety and security.
C) Teachers are generally ready to respond to higher-order needs.
D) Salary and benefits increases are highly motivating.
E) As older teachers approach retirement, they become more concerned about lower order needs.

Accepted Answer

Thomas Sergiovanni concluded that teachers are generally ready to respond to higher-order needs. The other options were not concluded by Sergiovanni.

Question 15

You are to assume the role of the leader in an organization. State the organization type in which you work and your position. Your task is to develop a plan to use concepts of motivation discussed in this chapter to insure that the staff is highly motivated to achieve the organization vision and mission. In your response indicate what theories you will use and the theorists who developed the theories. Specifically describe what organizational structures and activities you suggest to insure a highly motivated staff and tell how these structures and activities motivate individuals and/or groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are to assume the role of...

Question 16

Define Starratt's Ethic of Critique which is part of his Multidimensional Ethic theory. How does this theory support the ideas of critical theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define Starratt's Ethic of Critique which is...

Quiz 5: Motivation: Understanding Self and Others

Whose work was influential in laying the foundation for the concept of personality types?

Which of the following are true about different personality types? Select all that apply.

The four dimensions of human personality measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator MBTI are

What is self-efficacy and how is it different from self-concept. Then illustrate how principals can apply the concept of self-efficacy.

Select all of the following that reflect motivational patterns that scholars believe are evident in human behavior.

Using Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, select all of the following a leader might do to insure that the employees are successful in change efforts.

What is the Protestant Work Ethic and what does David McClelland add to the discourse in terms of achievement motivation.

Which of the following is the correct hierarchy of needs from lowest to highest?

Which of the following did the Hawthorne Experiments find to be true? Select all that are correct.

In applying Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation which of the following might be true? Select all that apply.

Which of the following are examples that a behaviorist would support? Select all that apply.

Which of the following characteristics does John Atkinson believe drive motivation? Select all that apply.

Which of the following did Thomas Sergiovanni conclude from his studies of motivation? Select all that apply.

Define Starratt's Ethic of Critique which is part of his Multidimensional Ethic theory. How does this theory support the ideas of critical theory?