Question 1

Several clients are being seen in the emergency department for nausea and vomiting. Which of the following clients would the nurse to expect the diagnosis of, "risk for dehydration", to be a priority? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Neonates, toddlers, and elderly clients are at a higher risk for dehydration due to their smaller body sizes, decreased ability to communicate thirst, and increased likelihood of comorbidities that can exacerbate dehydration. Therefore, the nurse would expect the diagnosis of "risk for dehydration" to be a priority for clients A, B, and E. Clients C and D are less likely to be at significant risk for dehydration solely based on their age and would require further evaluation to determine if dehydration is a concern for them.

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a client with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Which drugs would most likely be used to treat this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Antispasmodics, such as dicyclomine and hyoscyamine, are commonly used to treat the symptoms of IBS, including abdominal pain and cramping. Saline cathartics would not be effective for this condition. Sulfasalazine is typically used for inflammatory bowel disease, not IBS. Immunosuppressive agents are also not usually used for IBS.

Question 3

MCSA Nursing students have just completed their module on causes of and pharmacological therapy used to treat gastric diseases. Their nursing instructor asks them to identify a serious condition that is caused by an abnormal secretion of the hormone gastrin. Which response by the student indicates understanding of the content?

Accepted Answer

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is a serious condition that is caused by an abnormal secretion of the hormone gastrin. This condition leads to excessive acid production in the stomach, which can result in peptic ulcers, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Milk-alkali syndrome is caused by excess calcium carbonate and can lead to alkalosis, Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which the lining of the esophagus is damaged due to prolonged acid reflux, and Helicobacter pylori is a bacteria that can lead to ulcers and stomach cancer, but it is not directly caused by gastrin secretion.

Question 4

Which type of laxative, as its mechanism of action, pulls water into the fecal mass to create a more watery stool?

Accepted Answer

Saline cathartics work by pulling water into the intestinal lumen, which increases the volume of fecal mass and encourages peristalsis. This results in a more watery stool.

Question 5

Which of the following statements indicate an understanding of the different mechanisms of action of laxatives?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements indicate an...

Question 6

A nurse is ordered to administer lansoprazole to a client on a mechanical soft diet. How should the nurse administer this medication?

Accepted Answer

Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat acid reflux and ulcers. It should be taken before meals and may be taken with or without food. However, since the client is on a mechanical soft diet, it may be difficult to swallow a tablet. Sprinkling the granules into applesauce would make it easier for the client to ingest. Crushing the tablet or asking the client to chew it may alter the medication's effectiveness, and giving the medication without water may cause the medication to get stuck in the client's throat.

Question 7

A client in a long-term care facility is ordered to receive ranitidine (Zantac). When should the nurse administer this medication?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client in a long-term care facility...

Question 8

A client is prescribed ranitidine (Zantac). The nurse checks the client's BUN and serum creatinine levels prior to administering the drug for the first time. What is the rationale for checking these labs?

Accepted Answer

Ranitidine is primarily excreted by the kidneys, so checking the client's BUN and serum creatinine levels prior to administering the drug for the first time will help determine if the client's kidneys are functioning adequately to excrete the drug. If the client has impaired kidney function, the dose of ranitidine may need to be adjusted or the drug may need to be avoided altogether. Checking serum BUN and creatinine levels on all clients is not necessary unless there is a specific reason to do so, such as with a drug like ranitidine that is primarily excreted by the kidneys. Checking these labs is not necessary to identify a hidden drug allergy or because the drug is primarily biometabolized by the liver.

Question 9

Which statement is true regarding the use of pancreatic enzyme replacement in the pharmacotherapy of pancreatitis?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic enzyme replacement is indicated when lack of pancreatic enzyme secretion causes malabsorption disorders, such as in pancreatitis. It is not contraindicated when the client has pain in the abdomen, but should be used with caution in cases of acute pancreatitis. Its use is also not contraindicated in cystic fibrosis, but may actually be indicated in these clients as they often experience pancreatic insufficiency.

Question 10

A student nurse is about to administer a bulk forming laxative to her client. Which statements does she share with her client about the use of these drugs? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Bulk forming laxatives are not quick acting, therefore choice A is incorrect. Choice D is also incorrect as the prototype of bulk-forming laxatives is psyllium, not milk of magnesia. It is important to inform the client that bulk-forming laxatives are contraindicated in cases of undiagnosed abdominal pain, suspected intestinal obstruction, or fecal impaction, this is why choice B is correct. Bulk-forming laxatives must be taken with plenty of water to avoid esophageal obstruction, therefore choice C is also correct. Lastly, bulk-forming laxative powder should never be taken dry, so choice E is correct.

Question 11

A client brings her mother to the office and states, "I'm worried about Mom; she takes aluminum hydroxide up to three times a day for this pain in her abdomen." Which statement about aluminum hydroxide is true?

Accepted Answer

Antacids are meant for occasional use and if someone is taking it up to three times a day, it indicates a chronic condition that requires further investigation. Long-term use of aluminum hydroxide can lead to side effects such as constipation, diarrhea, and electrolyte imbalances. Therefore, it is important to investigate the cause of the pain and find a more appropriate treatment plan.

Question 12

Which client would be treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic enzyme replacement is used to treat clients with pancreatic insufficiency, which is indicated by elevated lipase and amylase levels. The replacement enzymes help the body digest fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. The other options (A, B, and C) are not indications for pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.

Question 13

A client has been diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The nurse anticipates that the health care provider may prescribe a drug in which category to treat this disorder?

Accepted Answer

The most common drugs used to treat IBD are 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) agents and oral corticosteroids. 5-ASA agents work by reducing inflammation in the digestive tract, while corticosteroids are used to reduce inflammation as well as suppress the immune system. These drugs can help to control flare-ups and maintain remission in individuals with IBD. Symptom-targeted therapy and antidepressants may be used to manage specific symptoms, but they are not specific treatments for IBD. Antispasmodics and serotonin agents are generally not used in the treatment of IBD. Antianxiety agents may be used in some cases to manage the psychological impact of IBD but they do not target the underlying disease process.

Question 14

A client is being treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. What would the nurse recognize as a contraindication to this therapy?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is derived from pig pancreas, so if the client is allergic to pork, they cannot receive this therapy. Cystic fibrosis, steatorrhea, and chronic pancreatitis are all indications for pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.

Question 15

A client is being treated for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Which medications would the nurse expect the health care provider to order? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Loperamide (Imodium) is an antidiarrheal medication and may be used for symptomatic relief but does not treat the underlying inflammation in IBD. Doxepin (Sinequan) and paroxetine (Paxil) are antidepressants and not typically used in the treatment of IBD. Sulfasalazine (Salazopurin) is an anti-inflammatory medication that is often used in the treatment of IBD. Prednisone is a corticosteroid that can help to reduce inflammation and is another common medication used in the treatment of IBD.

Question 16

Question 2 Type: MCSA
The student nurse is providing bowel care to her client. What statements about laxatives does she review with her instructor that indicates an understanding of these drugs?

Accepted Answer

Option A is incorrect because stimulant laxatives should not be used frequently as they can cause dependence and worsen constipation. Option C is incorrect because a health care provider may prescribe different types of laxatives based on the client's individual needs and medical conditions. Option D is incorrect because saline cathartics typically have rapid, rather than delayed, effects. Option B is correct because consuming water is important when taking bulk-forming laxatives to prevent obstruction and ensure proper hydration.

Question 17

MCSA The nurse educator on a GI unit is explaining the pharmacology of peptic ulcer disease to a group of student nurses. When describing the action of a proton pump inhibitor, what does the educator tell the students are the enzymes responsible transporting hydrochloric acid to the surface of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

H+, K+ -ATPase is the enzyme responsible for transporting hydrochloric acid to the surface of the stomach. Proton pump inhibitors work by inhibiting this enzyme.

Question 18

A client has been ordered a bulk laxative for complaints of passing hard, pellet-like stools for several weeks. He asks the nurse what would cause the condition. Which of the following causes of constipation does the nurse share with the client? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Constipation can be caused by several factors including decreased dietary fiber, inadequate fluid intake, and a sedentary lifestyle. Pathogens and toxins typically do not cause constipation.

Question 19

A client is prescribed omeprazole (Prilosec). Which classification odes this drug belong to?

Accepted Answer

Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to decrease the amount of acid produced in the stomach.

Question 20

The nurse is performing a head-to-toe assessment on a client taking aluminum hydroxide (AlternaGel). Why must the nurse closely assess for bowel changes?

Accepted Answer

Aluminum hydroxide is an antacid medication that can cause constipation as a side effect. Therefore, the nurse should closely assess for bowel changes, including a distended abdomen, which could indicate constipation. Hypoactive bowel sounds may also indicate constipation. Hematochezia is not a sign that the medication is working and hyperactive bowel sounds do not necessarily indicate vomiting.

Quiz 7: Pharmacology of Alterations in the Gastrointestinal System

The nurse is caring for a client with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) . Which drugs would most likely be used to treat this disorder?

Which type of laxative, as its mechanism of action, pulls water into the fecal mass to create a more watery stool?

Which of the following statements indicate an understanding of the different mechanisms of action of laxatives?

A nurse is ordered to administer lansoprazole to a client on a mechanical soft diet. How should the nurse administer this medication?

A client in a long-term care facility is ordered to receive ranitidine (Zantac) . When should the nurse administer this medication?

A client is prescribed ranitidine (Zantac) . The nurse checks the client's BUN and serum creatinine levels prior to administering the drug for the first time. What is the rationale for checking these labs?

Which statement is true regarding the use of pancreatic enzyme replacement in the pharmacotherapy of pancreatitis?

A student nurse is about to administer a bulk forming laxative to her client. Which statements does she share with her client about the use of these drugs? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A client brings her mother to the office and states, "I'm worried about Mom; she takes aluminum hydroxide up to three times a day for this pain in her abdomen." Which statement about aluminum hydroxide is true?

Which client would be treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement?

A client has been diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) . The nurse anticipates that the health care provider may prescribe a drug in which category to treat this disorder?

A client is being treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. What would the nurse recognize as a contraindication to this therapy?

A client is being treated for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) . Which medications would the nurse expect the health care provider to order? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Question 2 Type: MCSA The student nurse is providing bowel care to her client. What statements about laxatives does she review with her instructor that indicates an understanding of these drugs?

A client is prescribed omeprazole (Prilosec) . Which classification odes this drug belong to?

The nurse is performing a head-to-toe assessment on a client taking aluminum hydroxide (AlternaGel) . Why must the nurse closely assess for bowel changes?