Question 1

To promote a well-balanced diet, what information should the nurse who is helping the client select foods from the hospital menu take into account?

Accepted Answer

The daily intake of water-soluble vitamins is essential to maintain and improve health. These vitamins are easily excreted from the body and need to be replenished regularly through diet. A well-balanced diet rich in a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, protein sources, and healthy fats will provide the necessary vitamins and minerals for a healthy body. Vitamin supplementation should not be relied upon to substitute for good nutrition. Clients who cannot consume fat-soluble vitamins daily may need a supplement, but this should be determined on an individual basis. All vitamins do not have to be taken into the body by eating enriched foods, but rather by consuming a variety of nutrient-rich foods.

Question 2

The nurse is developing a health teaching document for a client prescribed orlistat (Xenical). Which concept does the nurse include?

Accepted Answer

Orlistat (Xenical) inhibits the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) as well as beta-carotene, so it is essential to take a daily multivitamin containing these vitamins to prevent deficiencies. Option A is incorrect because limiting food and beverage intake to once daily is not a guideline for orlistat administration, nor is it a healthy practice for most individuals. Option B is incorrect because increasing high-fat meals would exacerbate the gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects associated with orlistat, such as fatty, oily stools and flatulence. Option C is incorrect because physical activity is essential for maintaining overall health and helping to promote weight loss.

Question 3

The nurse is discussing orlistat (Xenical) with a group of women at a community centre when one of the participants asks, "What side effects are associated with this drug?" The nurse responds by stating:

Accepted Answer

Flatus with oily stool discharge is a common side effect associated with orlistat (Xenical), which works by blocking the absorption of dietary fat. Tinnitus, hearing loss, headache with photophobia, and urinary frequency with urgency are not commonly associated with orlistat (Xenical).

Question 4

The nurse who will be administering orlistat (Xenical) to a client knows that prior to the initiation of this drug, it is important to assess which body system?

Accepted Answer

Orlistat (Xenical) works by blocking the absorption of dietary fat. It is known to cause hepatotoxicity, including liver failure, cholelithiasis, and cholecystitis. Therefore, before administering orlistat, it is important to assess the biliary system to reduce the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Question 5

Which of these statements, if made by a client, would indicate that further instruction is needed about orlistat (Alli)?

Accepted Answer

The statement "I can eat my usual diet when taking this medication and still lose weight" is incorrect as orlistat works by blocking the absorption of fat, so a low-fat diet is recommended to maximize weight loss and decrease side effects. The other statements are correct and do not suggest a need for further instruction.

Question 6

The nurse has just completed education to a client regarding the differences between fat- and water-soluble vitamins. The client shows understanding of the teaching by listing which vitamins as fat soluble? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins are Vitamins A, D, E, and K. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin. Therefore, the client correctly listed Vitamins A, D, E, and K as fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 7

The client is a fitness enthusiast who adheres to a regimen of high vitamin supplement intake. Which vitamins would the nurse assess for hypervitaminosis? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The client is a fitness enthusiast who...

Question 8

What education should the nurse provide to the client who is prescribed riboflavin (vitamin B2)?

Accepted Answer

Large doses of riboflavin can cause an intense yellow discolouration of urine, so the nurse should educate the client on this potential side effect. A, B, and D are not relevant or accurate information for a client prescribed riboflavin.

Question 9

Which client would the nurse encourage to increase intake of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)?

Accepted Answer

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) plays a crucial role in wound healing by assisting in the production of collagen. Therefore, the nurse would encourage the client with wounds from a motorcycle accident to increase their intake of vitamin C.

Question 10

Which statement made by the client about taking phenylpropanolamine indicates that further teaching is necessary?

Accepted Answer

The statement "It is acceptable to take these pills on occasion when I want to lose a few pounds" indicates a misunderstanding about the potential dangers of phenylpropanolamine and the need for careful and monitored use. This statement suggests that further teaching is necessary to ensure that the client fully understands the risks and benefits of this medication. The other statements indicate an understanding of the medication's history and potential hazards.

Question 11

Which laboratory values would the nurse monitor for a client receiving cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) for pernicious anemia?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12, which is necessary for the production of red blood cells. Therefore, the nurse should monitor laboratory values related to red blood cell production and function, including the reticulocyte count (an indicator of new red blood cell production) and the erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels (which indicate the number and quality of red blood cells). Monitoring these values can help the nurse determine if the client's anemia is improving with treatment. Other laboratory tests may also be ordered, but they are not specifically related to the treatment with cyanocobalamin.

Question 12

Orlistat (Xenical) is initiated for a client with obesity who is taking warfarin. What health teaching would be most appropriate for this drug?

Accepted Answer

Orlistat (Xenical) can decrease the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and therefore affect warfarin's anticoagulant effect. Therefore, clients taking warfarin and orlistat should closely monitor their PT and INR levels. Options A, B, and D are incorrect and may lead to inappropriate medication use and potential harm to the client.

Question 13

The school health nurse is discussing vitamin supplements with a group of parents at the monthly PTA meeting. What concept would the nurse include in the teaching about vitamin C?

Accepted Answer

The concept that vitamin C increases the absorption of iron when taken together is a commonly known fact about this vitamin. The other options presented are not entirely accurate: while vitamin C may help reduce the duration and severity of a cold, it cannot entirely prevent it; humans cannot synthesize vitamin C and must obtain it through dietary sources or supplements; and taking large doses of vitamin C may actually have negative side effects.

Question 14

The nurse is providing education to a client who is planning on taking Orlistat (Xenical) as a part of a weight-loss program. Which statements by the client indicate the teaching was effective? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The client should exercise regularly while taking Xenical to aid in weight loss, and they should take a multivitamin daily because Xenical can affect the absorption of certain vitamins. Option B is incorrect because the client should not take other herbal products without consulting with their healthcare provider. Option C is incorrect and outdated information; Xenical has not been removed from the market due to an increased risk of heart attack and stroke. Option D is incorrect because Xenical has several potential side effects, including gastrointestinal issues and a risk of kidney stones.

Question 15

The school nurse has presented a learning activity for a high school health promotion course. Which student statement indicates an understanding of water-soluble vitamins? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A is correct because vitamin C and B complex are indeed the primary water-soluble vitamins. E is correct because daily intake of water-soluble vitamins is necessary as they are not stored in the body for very long and need to be replenished regularly. B is incorrect because fat-soluble vitamins have a higher potential for toxicity and overdosing. C and D are also incorrect because water-soluble vitamins do not accumulate in the body for long periods of time and are not stored in the liver.

Question 16

A client is receiving orlistat (Xenical) to aide in weight reduction. The nurse reviews the all other drugs taken by the client. Which drug should not be taken concurrently with orlistat?

Accepted Answer

Orlistat can reduce the absorption of cyclosporine, leading to decreased effectiveness of the antibiotic.

Question 17

The client has started to take orlistat (Xenical) as a part of a weight-loss management program. Which preexisting health condition(s), if present, would make this medication contraindicated? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Orlistat is contraindicated in individuals with cholestasis (B) because it affects fat absorption, which can exacerbate liver conditions. It is also contraindicated in individuals with eating disorders like bulimia and anorexia nervosa (E) due to the risk of malnutrition and further complications.

Question 18

Student nurses have completed a module on pharmacotherapy for weight loss management. A quiz at the end of class asks them to identify the mechanism of action of orlistat (Xenical). Which response by a student indicates understanding of the content?

Accepted Answer

Orlistat works by inhibiting pancreatic lipase, an enzyme in the digestive process that breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids. By blocking this enzyme, the absorption of dietary fat in the GI tract is reduced, leading to weight loss. Option A is incorrect as Orlistat does not increase the actions of GI and pancreatic enzymes, rather it blocks pancreatic lipase. Option B is incorrect as Orlistat does not affect signals from the hypothalamus responsible for hunger, rather it affects fat absorption. Option D is incorrect as Orlistat is not responsible for pituitary signals responsible for hunger.

Question 19

The client who is prescribed vitamin K asks the nurse, "How does the body normally receive this vitamin?" What is the the most appropriate response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K is produced through bacterial action in the gastrointestinal tract. While it can also be obtained through dietary consumption of dark green, leafy vegetables, it is not the primary source. Dairy products do not contain significant amounts of vitamin K. The fetus does synthesize vitamin K, but this is not relevant to how the body normally receives it in adults.

Question 20

The nurse is discussing vitamins with a group of student nurses who will be teaching a class to a prenatal group. The nurse asks the students to identify a vitamin deficiency responsible for spina bifida in newborn infants?" What is the best response of the students?

Accepted Answer

Spina bifida is caused by a neural tube defect in the developing fetus. Studies have shown that taking folic acid (vitamin B9) before and during pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects.

Quiz 7: Pharmacology of Alterations in the Gastrointestinal System

To promote a well-balanced diet, what information should the nurse who is helping the client select foods from the hospital menu take into account?

The nurse is developing a health teaching document for a client prescribed orlistat (Xenical) . Which concept does the nurse include?

The nurse is discussing orlistat (Xenical) with a group of women at a community centre when one of the participants asks, "What side effects are associated with this drug?" The nurse responds by stating:

The nurse who will be administering orlistat (Xenical) to a client knows that prior to the initiation of this drug, it is important to assess which body system?

Which of these statements, if made by a client, would indicate that further instruction is needed about orlistat (Alli) ?

The client is a fitness enthusiast who adheres to a regimen of high vitamin supplement intake. Which vitamins would the nurse assess for hypervitaminosis? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Standard Text: Select all that apply.

What education should the nurse provide to the client who is prescribed riboflavin (vitamin B2) ?

Which client would the nurse encourage to increase intake of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) ?