A closed promoter complex is one in which the holoenzyme is loosely bound and the DNA remains in double-stranded form.

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In a closed promoter complex, the RNA polymerase holoenzyme is loosely bound to the promoter region of DNA, but the DNA remains in double-stranded form. This is the first step in transcription where the holoenzyme binds and melts the DNA to form an open promoter complex.

A Closed Promoter Complex Is One in Which the Holoenzyme