Reinforcers that have value because of the biological makeup of an individual such as food, water, and sexual activity are called, by Skinner, ______.

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Skinner referred to reinforcers such as food, water, and sexual activity as primary reinforcers because they have inherent biological value to an individual. Active and passive reinforcers are not defined by Skinner, and secondary reinforcers are those that have acquired value through association with primary reinforcers.

Reinforcers That Have Value Because of the Biological Makeup of an Individual