Question 1

A relatively stable and enduring evaluation of things and people is

Accepted Answer

An attitude is a relatively stable and enduring evaluation of things and people. Attitudes are often based on beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies, and they can influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in various situations. Therefore, it is the best choice for the given description.

Question 2

Festinger and Carlsmith attempted to determine

Accepted Answer

Festinger and Carlsmith's study focused on cognitive dissonance and whether an inconsistency between attitude and behavior would cause people to change their attitudes. They asked participants to perform a tedious task and then paid them either $1 or $20 to tell the next participant that the task was interesting. They found that those who were paid $1, and therefore had a greater inconsistency between their attitude (task was boring) and behavior (telling someone else it was interesting), were more likely to change their attitude to reduce this discomfort of dissonance.

Question 3

In Richard LaPiere's field study where he traveled across the United States with a Chinese couple in the 1930s, he found that

Accepted Answer

LaPiere's study revealed a discrepancy between attitudes and behaviors; although many establishments expressed negative attitudes towards Chinese guests in a survey, only one actually refused service when the couple visited.

Question 4

Nick has been working hard all week. On Sunday morning, he wakes up and realizes that he has just slept 10 hours. He says to himself "wow, I guess I was more tired than I thought." Nick's sudden insight would be of greatest interest to

Accepted Answer

Bem's self-perception theory suggests that people infer their own attitudes and feelings by observing their own behavior. Nick's sudden insight that he was more tired than he thought is an example of this process.

Question 5

Mark asked his roommate Will to clean his side of the room as a favor. When Will refused to do so, Mark made a more moderate request by asking Will to feed his pet dog over the weekend. What persuasion technique was used in this example?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mark asked his roommate Will to clean...

Question 6

Mark and Sarah want to encourage their children to do well in school and develop an internal sense of academic pride. Which of the following is MOST likely to produce that result?

Accepted Answer

Giving praise for good grades will help children develop a sense of pride in their academic achievements. Rewards and punishments may motivate children in the short term, but they do not necessarily create an internal motivation for success. Allowing children to watch TV after completing their homework is not necessarily related to academic achievement. Punishing children for bad grades can be harmful to their self-esteem and does not encourage positive behavior in the long run.

Question 7

In Festinger and Carlsmith's original experiment, which group of participants gave the task the most favorable ratings?

Accepted Answer

In Festinger and Carlsmith's original experiment, the $1 group gave the task the most favorable ratings.

Question 8

The central route of persuasion emphasizes the content of the message by using logical arguments to persuade.

Accepted Answer

The central route of persuasion focuses on the content of the message and uses logical arguments, evidence, and facts to persuade the audience. It is a rational and thoughtful process of persuasion that relies on the listener's careful consideration of the information presented.

Question 9

Cognitive dissonance theory was proposed by

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory was proposed by Leon Festinger and Merrill Carlsmith in 1957.

Question 10

In cognitive dissonance theory, the term "insufficient justification" refers to the idea that

Accepted Answer

Insufficient justification refers to the idea that when people do not have a strong external reason to justify their behavior, they experience cognitive dissonance, which is an unpleasant state of inconsistency between their attitudes and behavior. This discomfort motivates them to change either their behavior or their attitudes to resolve the inconsistency.

Question 11

Ralph is a member of Greenpeace but accepts advertising money for his new store from a lumber company. Wanda is a busy graduate student who goes to bed because she starts yawning. Ralph is likely to experience _________ and Wanda is likely to experience _________.

Accepted Answer

Ralph's acceptance of advertising money from a lumber company conflicts with his beliefs and values as a member of Greenpeace, leading to cognitive dissonance. Wanda's behavior of going to bed when she starts yawning is not necessarily conflicting with her beliefs or values, but instead she is making self-perceptions about her own behavior. Therefore, she is likely to experience self perception.

Question 12

According to cognitive dissonance theory, which of the following people is most likely to change his attitude?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to cognitive dissonance theory, which of...

Question 13

Describe an example of the foot-in-the-door persuasion technique.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe an example of the foot-in-the-door persuasion...

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of an attitude?

Accepted Answer

The components of an attitude are affective (feelings/emotions), behavioral (actions), and cognitive (thoughts/beliefs). Dispositional relates to personality traits and is not a component of an attitude.

Question 15

Which of the following people's actions are most consistent with self-perception theory?

Accepted Answer

Self-perception theory suggests that individuals infer their attitudes and beliefs based on their behavior. Marcie's behavior (humming) led her to infer her emotional state (happiness), which is consistent with self-perception theory.

Question 16

Asher noted that one candidate was more attractive than another which illustrates his use of superficial information via the __________ route of persuasion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Asher noted that one candidate was more...

Question 17

Which of the following cases is the best example of self-perception theory?

Accepted Answer

Self-perception theory suggests that people infer their own attitudes and beliefs based on their behavior. In this case, Minnie stayed late to finish a project, which suggests that she values her job and enjoys it. This realization of her attitude toward her job is consistent with the principles of self-perception theory. The other choices do not clearly demonstrate a change in attitude or belief based on behavior, and are therefore less applicable to this theory.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the relationship between attitudes and behaviors is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

General attitudes are not always good predictors of behavior because they do not necessarily reflect specific beliefs about the behavior in question. Attitude specificity is a leading factor in predicting behavior, and stronger attitudes are generally better predictors of behavior than weak attitudes. While it is true that knowing someone's attitude does not always allow us to predict their behavior with certainty, it is still a useful piece of information and can often give us some indication of how they are likely to behave.

Question 19

Which of the following people is most likely to change her attitude?

Accepted Answer

According to cognitive dissonance theory, Mary, who is paid only $1 for a boring task, is most likely to change her attitude to justify the insufficient reward, reducing dissonance by convincing herself the task was interesting.

Question 20

Cognitive dissonance theory states that

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory specifically addresses the discomfort that arises from an inconsistency between attitude and behavior, and the motivation to reduce or eliminate that discomfort. The other options (A, C, and D) describe other theories or phenomena.

Quiz 14: Social Psychology