Question 1

The alcohol harm reduction study conducted by Marlatt and his colleagues relied on which of the following intervention strategies?

Accepted Answer

The alcohol harm reduction study conducted by Marlatt and his colleagues relied on a motivational interviewing intervention strategy.

Question 2

Self-blame for a failure to adhere to a commitment and taking this failure as evidence for a lack of willpower or personal strength are most central to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The abstinence violation effect involves self-blame and viewing a lapse as a personal failure, leading to a sense of loss of control and further lapses.

Question 3

A politician argues that it is very difficult if not impossible to eliminate problems such as drug and alcohol abuse and asserts that what is important is for us to reduce the negative consequences associated with these behaviours,such as unsafe sex and criminal behaviour.This politician's views are most consistent with:

Accepted Answer

The politician's views align with the harm reduction model, which focuses on minimizing the negative consequences of drug and alcohol use rather than trying to eliminate the behaviours altogether. This approach recognizes that complete abstinence may not always be realistic and seeks to reduce harm through strategies such as providing clean needles for drug users or offering education programs on safe sex practices.

Question 4

Relapse prevention interventions attempt to keep lapses from becoming a relapse by treating a lapse as an indicator that:

Accepted Answer

Relapse prevention interventions view lapses as an indicator that the situation exceeded the client's current coping skills, and therefore focus on strengthening coping skills and addressing triggers and stressors that may have contributed to the lapse.

Question 5

When compared to the effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)programs,relapse prevention programs have been found to be equally effective and usually involve a ___________ intervention.

Accepted Answer

Relapse prevention programs are typically designed to be briefer interventions compared to the long-term, ongoing support provided by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) programs.

Question 6

Moderate drinkers at schools with the highest alcohol consumption rates were more likely:

Accepted Answer

Moderate drinkers at schools with high alcohol consumption rates are more likely to report having their property destroyed by heavy drinkers, as their environment may foster behaviors that lead to such incidents.

Question 7

All of the following were discussed as negative consequences associated with heavy-drinking college students EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

All of the other options were discussed as negative consequences associated with heavy-drinking college students. However, there was no mention of lower academic averages being a consequence.

Question 8

A therapist working in a relapse prevention program would most likely assert that a lapse is:

Accepted Answer

A therapist working in a relapse prevention program would view a lapse as a temporary setback in the recovery process, rather than a failure or reflection of the individual's willpower or strength. They would acknowledge that personal coping skills were exceeded in the moment and work with the individual to identify and strengthen those skills for future situations. It is important to avoid blaming or shaming the person for the lapse as it can undermine their motivation and progress towards recovery.

Question 9

Handing out clean needles to drug addicts and giving free condoms to people at risk for sexually transmitted diseases are both examples of interventions that are most consistent with the ____________ approach to prevention.

Accepted Answer

The harm reduction approach to prevention focuses on reducing the negative consequences and harms associated with certain behaviors, such as drug use and sexual activity. Handing out clean needles and condoms are examples of harm reduction strategies aimed at reducing the risk of harm and promoting safer behaviors. Consequence reduction, damage control, and injury minimization are not specific approaches to prevention, but can also be components of a harm reduction approach.

Question 10

The Harvard School of Public Health survey of college students found that many extreme negative consequences such as getting into trouble with the police and having unplanned,unprotected sex was associated with ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The survey found that the extreme negative consequences were associated with binge drinking.

Question 11

Surveys conducted by the Harvard School of Public Health have revealed that approximately 50 percent of all college students have a binge drinking problem,but when asked if they viewed themselves as having a problem with alcohol,___________ of them believed they had a problem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Surveys conducted by the Harvard School of...

Question 12

Interpreting a failure as an indication that personal coping resources were exceeded in a particular situation and that incidents such as these provide useful information are both essential aspects of:

Accepted Answer

Interpreting failure as an indication that personal coping resources were exceeded and using the incident as useful information both align with the principles of relapse prevention programs. These programs aim to help individuals identify and manage triggers, develop coping strategies, and prevent or address relapses in addictive behaviors. The abstinence violation effect and harm reduction programs relate more specifically to substance use and addiction, while cooperative learning programs focus on group dynamics in education settings.

Question 13

A prevention strategy that is concerned primarily with reducing the negative effects and consequences of a behaviour rather than trying to eliminate it is the _______________ approach to substance abuse problems.

Accepted Answer

The harm reduction approach acknowledges that substance abuse may not be entirely eliminated, but aims to reduce the negative impact it has on individuals and society. This approach includes strategies such as needle exchange programs, safe injection sites, and providing education about safer drug use practices. The other options, relapse prevention and abstinence, focus on eliminating the behaviour altogether, while health-enhancing is too broad and not specific to substance abuse.

Question 14

Harm reduction approaches to prevention attempt to reduce the negative consequences of a behaviour by doing such things as handing out clean needles to drug addicts.In contrast,programs such as Alcoholic Anonymous,have the goal of eliminating and refraining entirely from a problematic behaviour and adhere to the ____________ approach.

Accepted Answer

The statement explicitly indicates that Alcoholics Anonymous aims to eliminate and abstain entirely from problematic behaviors. This is consistent with the definition of the abstinence approach which encourages individuals to completely refrain from the behavior in question. The other options, consequence reduction, damage control, and relapse prevention all involve strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of the behavior but do not involve complete abstinence as a goal.

Question 15

The alcohol harm reduction study conducted with college students obtained which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

The alcohol harm reduction study with college students found that students receiving the intervention still drank more than the average college student, but fewer of them were judged to be alcohol-dependent than in the control condition. This suggests that the intervention was effective in reducing the likelihood of alcohol dependence, but not necessarily in reducing overall drinking behaviors.

Question 16

All of the following statements would be viewed as consistent with a relapse prevention approach to substance abuse treatment EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The idea that a lapse is solely due to a lack of willpower or personal strength is not consistent with the relapse prevention approach, which emphasizes that lapses can be caused by a range of factors and that relapse can be prevented by identifying and managing those factors.

Question 17

The abstinence violation effect best refers to:

Accepted Answer

The abstinence violation effect refers to the self-blaming sense of hopelessness that can occur when an individual in recovery experiences a lapse or relapse. This can lead to further negative outcomes, such as continued substance use.

Question 18

All of the following were aspects of Marlatt et al.'s alcohol harm reduction study EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following were aspects of...

Question 19

Harold has been receiving treatment for alcoholism for over a year and treatment has been going very well.However,two months ago,after a particularly bad day at work,some friends invited him to go with them to a bar and Harold had five beers.The next day when he thought about what had happened,he started to feel badly,but then remembered some things he'd spoken about with his counsellor about the problems associated with excessively blaming himself and being negative.As a result,Harold was able to put this incident behind him and he was able to remain abstinent for the next three months.In this example,Harold's behaviour would best be defined as an example of:

Accepted Answer

Harold's behaviour can be defined as a "lapse," which is a brief and isolated return to substance use after a period of abstinence. This is different from a "relapse," which involves returning to patterns of problematic substance use. The term "abstinence violation effect" refers to the negative emotional and cognitive responses that some individuals may experience after a lapse or relapse. The "contact effect" is not relevant to this situation.

Question 20

Jessica has a drug problem and has been seeking substance abuse counselling.She has remained drug free for several months,but last week she ran into some friends with whom she used to frequently get high and she ended up using some drugs with them.Afterwards,she felt terrible about breaking her commitment to remain drug free and concluded that she must not have the self-discipline and willpower needed to quit.Within a week,she had fully resumed her harmful drug behaviour.This example best demonstrates the phenomenon called:

Accepted Answer

The abstinence violation effect refers to the belief that a single lapse in behavior (in this case, using drugs) after a period of abstinence is a sign of personal failure and a loss of control. This belief can lead to a complete abandonment of effort to remain drug-free, as seen in Jessica's case.

Quiz 15: Stress, coping, and Health