Question 1

The discovery of the cause of the disease general paresis was significant because it represented the first time that a psychological disorder had an identifiable physical cause.

Accepted Answer

The discovery of the cause of general paresis was a major breakthrough in the field of psychology because it was the first time that a psychological disorder had an identifiable physical cause. Before this discovery, mental illnesses were often thought to be purely psychological and were not understood as having a biological basis.

Question 2

In the DSM-IV classification system,the intensity of recent environmental stressors that a person is experiencing is rated on Axis III.

Accepted Answer

The intensity of recent environmental stressors is actually rated on Axis IV in the DSM-IV classification system.

Question 3

The belief that abnormal behaviour is the result of supernatural forces is known as trephination.

Accepted Answer

Trephination is actually the practice of drilling or cutting holes into the skull as a form of medical treatment, often used in ancient times to relieve pressure on the brain. The belief that abnormal behaviour is caused by supernatural forces is known as animism or animistic beliefs.

Question 4

Internalizing disorders are disorders in which:

Accepted Answer

Internalizing disorders are characterized by maladaptive thoughts and emotions, such as anxiety and depression, which are turned inward and not expressed outwardly. These disorders include anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and somatic symptom disorders. Option A refers to externalizing disorders, while option B describes symptoms of ADHD and option C describes symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder.

Question 5

Of the alternatives below,the one that is NOT a characteristic of the anti-social personality disorder is:

Accepted Answer

The lack of social interaction with other people is not necessarily a characteristic of anti-social personality disorder. Individuals with this disorder may have superficial social relationships or interact with others only to serve their own needs or desires. However, they are not necessarily completely isolated or have no social interaction at all.

Question 6

Jack is a very impulsive 18-year old who is often getting into trouble at school.He destroys school property,embarrasses and even injures his fellow classmates,but feels little anxiety or guilt for what he does.Though he is socially skilled,he does not have any close friendships or relationships.It is most likely that Jack would be diagnosed with ______________ personality disorder:

Accepted Answer

Jack's impulsive behavior, lack of empathy or guilt, and tendency to engage in destructive actions suggest a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder. This disorder is characterized by disregard for others' rights and a lack of remorse for harmful behavior. The other options do not fit with the described behavior and symptoms of Jack.

Question 7

One of the factors that typically underlie people's judgments of abnormality is how distressing a given behaviour is.

Accepted Answer

Distress is often considered a key factor in determining whether a behavior is abnormal or not. A behavior that is distressing to the individual or others may be seen as problematic and in need of attention or intervention.

Question 8

When Shirley visited her grandmother in her new retirement home,her grandmother spoke about the people she had played with as a child as though she had spoken with them yesterday.This behaviour is characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

This behavior is characteristic of senile dementia, which is a type of dementia that is common among elderly individuals and is characterized by cognitive decline, including memory loss and difficulties with language or motor skills. Individuals with senile dementia may experience confusion and have difficulty distinguishing past memories from present experiences.

Question 9

One adoption study focusing on behaviours related to anti-social personality disorder found the highest rates of criminal behaviour in sons when _______________ had criminal records.

Accepted Answer

The study found the highest rates of criminal behaviour in sons when both their biological and adoptive fathers had criminal records, suggesting an interaction between genetic and environmental factors.

Question 10

Mrs.Jones,the second grade teacher,has been watching little Jimmy all year digress to a very disobedient little boy who has no regard for other people.He breaks most of the school rules and has been caught stealing lunch money from other children and lying in order to cause trouble.These symptoms fit the diagnosis of __________________.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described fit the diagnosis of conduct disorder, which is characterized by behaviors that violate the basic rights of others and societal norms. Behaviors can include aggression, theft, lying, and destruction of property.

Question 11

According to the behavioural perspective,psychological abnormalities are produced when environmental factors frustrate o our innate tendencies for growth,health,and development.

Accepted Answer

The behavioural perspective attributes psychological abnormalities to learned behaviors and environmental conditioning, not to frustration of innate tendencies for growth.

Question 12

Insanity is both a psychological diagnostic category and a legal term that refers to a defendant's presumed state of mind at the time a crime was committed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Insanity is both a psychological diagnostic category...

Question 13

Which of the following is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. While stroke, Parkinson's disease, and high blood pressure can all contribute to the development of dementia, they are not the leading cause.

Question 14

Explanations of anti-social personality disorder that concentrate on the apparent inability of these individuals to learn a fear response when punished are drawing on the ideas of:

Accepted Answer

The idea that individuals with anti-social personality disorder have an inability to learn a fear response when punished draws on classical conditioning theory, which suggests that behavior can be shaped through rewards and punishment.

Question 15

What is the most common childhood disorder in North America?

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder in children in North America.

Question 16

Elizabeth is noticing that her eighty year-old grandfather has been very forgetful the last few weeks.When he took her to the park the other day,he forgot where the car was parked when it was time to leave.He also talks more and more about his time in the war when he was a young man.Elizabeth thinks it is quite remarkable that he can remember things from fifty years ago and he can't even remember where he parks the car an hour earlier.What Elizabeth is detecting may be:

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described in the scenario (forgetfulness, difficulty with newly acquired information, and reliance on older memories) are consistent with the early stages of senile dementia, a type of cognitive decline commonly associated with aging. It is important for Elizabeth to have her grandfather evaluated by a medical professional to receive a proper diagnosis and develop a care plan.

Question 17

The fact that many people with anti-social personality disorder come from families that exhibit a good deal of aggression and that tend to be quite inattentive to their children's needs was discussed to demonstrate the possible role of ___________ in this disorder.

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes a family environment where aggression and inattentiveness are prevalent, suggesting that children may learn these behaviors through observing and imitating their family members, which is an example of modelling.

Question 18

Abnormalities in which of the following brain areas have been found in people with anti-social personality disorder?

Accepted Answer

Abnormalities in the prefrontal lobe have been found in people with anti-social personality disorder. The prefrontal lobe is responsible for decision-making, impulse control, and empathy, which are all areas in which people with this disorder struggle.

Question 19

Johnny is a 10 year old boy who often speaks out of turn in class,steals items from other students' lockers,and often shoots rocks from his slingshot at people walking in the park.Johnny's behaviour is most consistent with which disorder?

Accepted Answer

Johnny's behavior is consistent with conduct disorder, which is characterized by violating social norms and rules, aggression towards people and animals, destruction of property, and a lack of concern for the rights and feelings of others. His behaviors, such as stealing and shooting rocks, are intentional and may cause harm to others. Conduct disorder is often diagnosed in children and adolescents who display persistent patterns of antisocial behavior.

Question 20

The gradual loss of cognitive abilities that accompanies brain deterioration is called:

Accepted Answer

Dementia refers to the gradual loss of cognitive abilities due to brain deterioration. Amnesia refers to the loss of memory, schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by delusions and hallucinations, and mania refers to a state of elevated mood and hyperactivity often associated with bipolar disorder.

Quiz 13: Behaviour in a Social Context