Question 1

When deconstructing a disorder such as depression,the presence or strength of one factor influences the effects of other factors.This presence of one factor influencing the effect of another factor is called an:

Accepted Answer

The presence of one factor influencing the effect of another factor is called an interaction. This is the most appropriate choice as the term "interaction" specifically describes the relationship between the factors in influencing depressive symptoms.

Question 2

Two people are both witnesses to a violent earthquake.One person is mildly upset by this event and copes well with it.The other person,who has a biological predisposition to anxiety,becomes very stressed after the event,has difficulty coping with it,and eventually gets ill.Because the effects of the earthquake differed,depending on whether the person had the predisposition of anxiety or not,this would be an example of an:

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes an interaction between the earthquake event and the individual's biological predisposition to anxiety, which led to different outcomes for each person. An interaction occurs when the effects of one variable depend on the level or presence of another variable.

Question 3

One major theme in psychology emphasizes that our biological endowment and our personal experiences interact to influence how we behave.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of One major theme in psychology emphasizes that...

Question 4

Psychology can be defined generally as the scientific study of the mind.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychology can be defined generally as the...

Question 5

When you are studying and attempting to retain material,the directed questions study method is ______________:

Accepted Answer

The directed questions study method involves creating questions based on the material being studied and then answering them. This method is effective because it engages the brain in active learning and helps to improve retention and understanding of the material. Underlining the text as you read may help with identifying important information, but it does not necessarily facilitate deeper understanding or retention. Therefore, the directed questions study method is more effective than underlining the text as you read.

Question 6

Research on depression in various cultures has found that the symptom patterns of depression are different in various cultures and that the relative occurrence of depression for men and women is ______________ in various cultures.

Accepted Answer

Research has found that the symptom patterns of depression can vary across different cultures, and that cultural factors can influence the expression and diagnosis of depression. In terms of gender differences, studies have shown that the relative occurrence of depression for men and women can vary across cultures, with some cultures showing higher rates of depression for women, while others show more balanced rates or even higher rates for men. Therefore, the answer is B: different for men and women.

Question 7

What are the four general classes of academic performance enhancement strategies?

Accepted Answer

The four general classes of academic performance enhancement strategies are time management, study skills, test-preparation strategies, and test-taking skills. Option C includes all of these four classes, making it the best choice. Option A does not include test-preparation strategies, while option B includes prioritizing instead of study skills. Option D includes written schedules instead of test-preparation strategies.

Question 8

According to the behavioural perspective,depression is the result of:

Accepted Answer

The behavioral perspective suggests that depression can result from a non-rewarding or punishing environment, which can decrease positive reinforcement and lead to depressive behaviors.

Question 9

Research looking at the effectiveness of different study techniques found that in general,study techniques:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that using effective study techniques can increase students' memory capacity by about 20 percent.

Question 10

Research on the psychological causes of depression has found that clinically depressed people:

Accepted Answer

The statement that clinically depressed people typically have a hopeless attitude towards the world, the future, and themselves is supported by research on the psychological causes of depression. Option A is partially correct as depressed people tend to dismiss good things that happen, but they also tend to blame themselves for bad things. Option C is not supported by research, as depressed people tend to feel helpless and hopeless during stressful events. Option D is also not accurate since there is no clear evidence of specific brain abnormalities that cause depression.

Question 11

The specialty area in psychology that focuses on how the presence of other people influences an individual's behaviour,thoughts,and feelings is called:

Accepted Answer

Social psychology is the specialty area in psychology that focuses on how the presence of other people influences an individual's behaviour, thoughts, and feelings. Personality psychology focuses on individual differences in personality traits and characteristics. Cross-cultural psychology examines the influence of culture on human behaviour. Organizational psychology focuses on understanding the behaviour of individuals and groups within organizations.

Question 12

The three important principles of effective time management are:

Accepted Answer

Effective time management involves creating a written schedule to plan out tasks and activities, prioritizing tasks based on their importance and urgency, and monitoring progress to ensure that goals are being met. By prioritizing tasks, individuals can focus on completing the most important ones first, and monitoring progress helps them adjust their schedules as necessary to stay on track. Studying in the same place or getting feedback can be helpful strategies, but they are not as essential as scheduling, prioritizing, and monitoring progress.

Question 13

A specialty area that focuses on the study of basic processes such as learning,perception,and motivation is called:

Accepted Answer

Experimental psychology is the specialty area that focuses on the study of basic processes such as learning, perception, and motivation through conducting experiments and gathering data. Cognitive psychology focuses specifically on mental processes such as memory, language, and problem-solving. Comparative psychology focuses on the study of animal behavior and how it relates to human behavior. Developmental psychology focuses on how individuals develop and change throughout their lifespan.

Question 14

Julie wants to earn good grades in college and planned to devote enough time studying to succeed.However,Julie's apartment is a mess,and although it is the quietest place to study,she cannot focus to study when she is surrounded by a mess..Julie decides to clean up her apartment and then she is too tired to study.Julie has a problem with:

Accepted Answer

Julie's problem is that she is not prioritizing her tasks effectively. While cleaning her apartment is important, it is not more important than studying, which is her primary goal. By prioritizing her tasks better, Julie can ensure that she devotes enough time and energy to studying before tackling any other tasks.

Question 15

Which of the following was mentioned as a strategy that is often used by testwise students?

Accepted Answer

Rule out obviously incorrect answers is a common strategy used by testwise students on multiple choice tests. Option B is incorrect because words like "always," "never," "universally," and "totally" are often used to create false alternatives. Option C is also incorrect because qualitative terms such as "tend," "often," and "generally" are often used in correct alternatives. Option D is a myth, there is no evidence to support it.

Question 16

The specialty area in psychology that focuses on the study of nonhuman species in natural and laboratory environments is:

Accepted Answer

Comparative psychology is the specialty area in psychology that focuses on the study of nonhuman species in natural and laboratory environments. It involves the comparison of the cognitive, behavioral, and social processes of different animal species, as well as the comparison of animal behavior to human behavior. Therefore, A) comparative psychology is the best choice.

Question 17

A person who is depressed begins eating poorly and quits exercising.These behaviours in turn result in a change in the person's physiology.This would be an example of:

Accepted Answer

The statement "These behaviours in turn result in a change in the person's physiology" indicates that the person's behaviour is affecting their biology. The person's depression may also be affecting their behaviour and biology, but the given scenario specifically states that the change in behaviour is what is leading to physiological changes.

Question 18

Bob is mildly depressed.Because of his generally negative attitude and hopelessness,Bob's friends,who typically enjoy his company,no longer want to spend time with him.The impact of Bob's depression on his friends is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Bob's depression is affecting his behaviour (negative attitude and hopelessness), which in turn is affecting the environment of his social circle (friends not wanting to spend time with him). Therefore, behavioural factors (Bob's depression and negative attitude) are affecting environmental factors (his relationship with his friends).

Question 19

Since he was a little boy,Niko has wanted to help people be healthy and he always thought he would be a doctor when he grew up.Now in university,Niko is reluctant to commit to pre-medical studies because he has seen the overuse of medication,and he believes he can help people without drugs.Which of the following career paths in psychology might Niko consider?

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychology focuses on helping individuals through therapy and counseling, without the over-reliance on medication. This aligns with Niko's belief that he can help people without drugs.

Question 20

The goal of basic research is simply to learn more about something,while applied research is typically done to solve some real-world problem.

Accepted Answer

Basic research is focused on gaining knowledge and understanding about a phenomenon or concept, whereas applied research aims to use the knowledge gained from basic research to solve practical problems or improve existing processes.

Quiz 1: Psychology: the Science of Behaviour