Question 1

The likelihood that a person will help someone else in trouble ________ as the number of bystanders present increases.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the bystander effect, where the presence of more bystanders decreases the likelihood of any one of them individually taking action to help. This is because individuals may assume that someone else will intervene or feel less responsibility when there are more people around.

Question 2

________ is compliance in response to the command from another person, typically in a position of authority.

Accepted Answer

Obedience is the compliance in response to the command from another person, typically in a position of authority. Conformity refers to the tendency to adjust one's behavior or attitudes to match those of a group. Deindividuation refers to the loss of individual identity and a sense of responsibility in a group setting. Altruism refers to helping behavior motivated by concern for the well-being of others.

Question 3

In a mob, one dominant and persuasive individual can often convince people to act through the ________ effect.

Accepted Answer

The snowball effect refers to the process by which a small idea or action grows larger and gains momentum as more people join in. In a mob, a dominant and persuasive individual can start with a small idea or action and convince others to join in, leading to a snowball effect where more and more people jump on board.

Question 4

The tendency of people to exert less effort on a task when working in a group than when working individually is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Social loafing refers to the phenomenon where individuals expend less effort on a task when working with a group as compared to working alone. This is because they feel less accountable and their individual efforts cannot be measured. Groupthink refers to the tendency of group members to conform to the dominant views within a group, often leading to irrational decision making. Social conformity refers to the change in behavior or attitude due to the influence of others. Malingering refers to the deliberate exaggeration or feigning of symptoms for personal gain.

Question 5

The person who conducted the most well-known research on obedience is ________.

Accepted Answer

Milgram is widely regarded as the most well-known researcher on obedience, particularly due to his controversial and groundbreaking study on the willingness of participants to administer increasingly severe electric shocks to others under the authority of an experimenter.

Question 6

People are most likely to obey orders ________.

Accepted Answer

Studies such as the famous Milgram experiment have shown that people are more likely to obey orders when they perceive the person giving the orders to have a great amount of power or authority. The presence of the victim, supervision, and disobedience of someone on their own level may decrease obedience rates.

Question 7

The tendency for an individual's helpfulness in an emergency to decrease as the number of onlookers increases is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help in an emergency situation when there are other people around. This can be due to diffusion of responsibility or social influence. Groupthink refers to the phenomenon where a group of individuals prioritize group harmony over individual critical thinking, leading to potentially flawed decision-making. The inertia paradigm and risky shift phenomenon are not related to this particular phenomenon.

Question 8

Deindividuation partly explains ________.

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation is the loss of self-awareness and individual accountability in a group setting, which can lead to mob behavior.

Question 9

Altruistic behavior is most likely to occur if ________.

Accepted Answer

Altruistic behavior is most likely to occur when the person feels a personal responsibility towards the other person, such as a sense of duty, empathy, or moral obligation. Values dissimilarity, presence of others, guilt, or uncertainty do not necessarily lead to altruistic behavior.

Question 10

A person asks you to counsel delinquent youths at a detention center for two years. When you refuse, she then asks you if you could supervise the youths during a trip to the zoo. She is using the ________ effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person asks you to counsel delinquent...

Question 11

We are most likely to help in an emergency ________.

Accepted Answer

If we have no fear of negative evaluation for offering help, we are more likely to help in an emergency. This is because the fear of being judged or rejected can prevent people from helping even when they want to.

Question 12

As a member of a fraternity, Jack is not concerned with the welfare of the people pledging to the fraternity; if they cannot handle the pranks and embarrassing tasks, they do not have to join. However, as a person, Jack does not approve of playing practical jokes on people. As a fraternity member, Jack appears to undergo ________.

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation is the loss of personal identity and moral constraints that can occur when individuals are part of a group, such as a fraternity. This can lead to behaviors that an individual may not approve of as a person, but feel pressured to engage in as a member of the group.

Question 13

A person ________ is most likely to be altruistic.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that people in a good mood are more likely to engage in altruistic behavior. A positive mood can increase empathy and the desire to help others. On the other hand, fearing ridicule or attention may cause someone to avoid helping others in order to avoid embarrassment or unwanted attention. Being in a bad mood may also make someone less likely to engage in altruistic behavior as they are focused on their own negative emotions.

Question 14

________ occurs when people respond as anonymous parts of a larger group.

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation occurs when individuals lose their sense of individual identity and become anonymous members of a larger group. This can lead to a decrease in inhibitions and an increase in impulsive, often aggressive behavior.

Question 15

Obedience is a change in behavior ________.

Accepted Answer

Obedience involves a specific command or order, not just a request or unspoken social norm.

Question 16

The tendency of groups to consistently propose a more daring course of action than that proposed by group members working alone is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The tendency of groups to propose a more daring course of action than individuals working alone is known as risky shift. This occurs when group members take on more risk as a result of the diffusion of responsibility in the group, creating a sense of group support for risk-taking behavior. Groupthink and polarization are related concepts, but they refer to different phenomena. Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition and is not related to group decision-making.

Question 17

In one experiment, ________ percent of subjects who were alone responded to a taped "emergency" in the next room, and ________ percent of subjects responded who were in a room with a stranger who did nothing in response to the emergency.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In one experiment, ________ percent of subjects...

Question 18

Behavior directed at helping others with no thought or expectation of personal gain is called ________ behavior.

Accepted Answer

Altruistic behavior is behavior directed towards helping others without any thought or expectation of personal gain. The other options (B, C, and D) do not fit this definition.

Question 19

The tendency of individuals to become more extreme in their attitudes as a result of group discussion is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The tendency of individuals to become more extreme in their attitudes as a result of group discussion is known as polarization. Groupthink refers to a phenomenon where group members prioritize conformity over critical thinking in order to reach a consensus decision. Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by extreme shifts in mood and energy levels. Risky shift is a phenomenon where individuals in a group may take on more extreme or risky actions than they would as individuals.

Question 20

The most important situational variable in altruism is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The presence of other people is the most important situational variable in altruism. Research has shown that people are more likely to help when they perceive that others are also willing to help or when they feel a sense of responsibility to help in front of others. This is known as the bystander effect.

Quiz 15: Social Psychology