Question 1

Electrically charged particles found both inside and outside the neuron are ________.

Accepted Answer

Electrically charged particles found inside and outside the neuron are ions, which are essential for the transmission of nerve impulses. Free radicals, nodes, and follicles are not directly related to the electrical activity of neurons.

Question 2

When a neuron is polarized, ________.

Accepted Answer

When a neuron is polarized, the electrical charge inside is negative relative to the outside. This is because there are more negatively charged ions inside the neuron, such as chloride (Cl-) and proteins, compared to positively charged ions outside, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+). This difference in electrical charge is due to the selective permeability of the cell membrane, and it is essential for the neuron to function properly.

Question 3

During its resting state, the electrical charge inside the neuron is ________ the electrical charge outside the neuron.

Accepted Answer

During the resting state of a neuron, the electrical charge inside the neuron is negative compared to the electrical charge outside the neuron. This is due to the higher concentration of negatively charged ions inside the neuron and positively charged ions outside the neuron. This difference in charge is known as the resting potential.

Question 4

When sodium ions flow into a neuron and depolarize it, they create ________.

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions flowing into a neuron and depolarizing it are the initial events that lead to the generation of an action potential.

Question 5

When the electrical charge inside a neuron is negative in relation to the outside, the neuron is said to be in a state of ________.

Accepted Answer

When the electrical charge inside a neuron is negative in relation to the outside, the neuron is said to be in a state of polarization. This means that there is a difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of the neuron.

Question 6

When enough sodium atoms have entered the neuron to make the inside positively charged relative to the outside, the neuron is said to be ________.

Accepted Answer

When enough sodium atoms enter the neuron, the inside becomes positively charged, which is called depolarization.

Question 7

When sodium ions flow into a neuron and depolarize it, we say the neuron has ________.

Accepted Answer

When sodium ions flow into a neuron and depolarize it, it reaches its threshold and fires, releasing an action potential down the axon.

Question 8

"Depolarization," "absolute refractory period," and "threshold of excitation" are terms that apply most directly to ________.

Accepted Answer

"Depolarization," "absolute refractory period," and "threshold of excitation" are all related to the process of generating and transmitting action potentials in neurons.

Question 9

If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is called a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A small shift in electrical charge of a neuron is known as graded potential, which is not strong enough to cause an action potential but can result in the generation of an action potential if enough graded potentials are generated to reach a threshold level of excitation. Resting potential refers to the stable negative charge of a neuron when it is not actively transmitting information, while action potential is a rapid and large change in the neuron's charge that allows it to transmit information. Transitional polarization is not a commonly used term in the field of neuroscience.

Question 10

The level a neural impulse must exceed to cause a neuron to fire is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The threshold of excitation is the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse or action potential. Once the impulse reaches this threshold, the neuron fires and sends the signal down the axon to communicate with other neurons or target cells. The other answer choices are not accurate terms in describing the threshold for neural firing.

Question 11

A resting potential is the electrical charge across a neural membrane when ________ ions concentrate on the outside and ________ ions concentrate on the inside.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A resting potential is the electrical charge...

Question 12

When a neuron is polarized, ________.

Accepted Answer

When a neuron is polarized, positive ions (such as sodium and potassium) are concentrated outside the neural membrane while negative ions (such as chloride) are concentrated inside the membrane. This creates an electrical potential difference across the membrane, with the outside of the cell being positively charged relative to the inside.

Question 13

A frog muscle is stimulated with an electric current but the muscle doesn't twitch. This probably happens because ________.

Accepted Answer

A muscle twitch occurs when the threshold of excitation is reached and an action potential is triggered in the muscle fibers. If the threshold is not reached, no contraction will occur. This could be due to a lack of sufficient stimulation or a failure of neurotransmitter release from the synapses, but in this case, the question states that the muscle was stimulated with an electric current, so lack of stimulation is unlikely. Ionic balance and graded potential are not relevant factors for explaining the lack of twitch.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated neurons can transmit impulses at very high speeds, up to nearly 400 feet per second. Options A and B are incorrect because neurons only fire in response to messages that exceed a certain threshold of excitation, and the strength of the excitation determines the frequency and intensity of firing, not the other way around.

Question 15

Organisms or fluids attempting to enter the cell body of a neuron must first pass through the ________.

Accepted Answer

The cell membrane is the outer layer of the neuron that separates its internal environment from the external environment. It is selectively permeable, meaning that it allows only certain substances to pass through. Therefore, any organisms or fluids attempting to enter the cell body of a neuron must first pass through the cell membrane. The dendrite, axon, and myelin sheath are all internal structures of the neuron and are not the first point of entry for external substances.

Question 16

The process by which a neuron is depolarized in a surge running down the length of an axon is called a(n)________ potential.

Accepted Answer

The process described – depolarization in a surge along an axon – refers to the action potential.

Question 17

An electrical charge occurs across the neural membrane when positive ions concentrate on the outside and negative ions concentrate on the inside, is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The term that describes the electrical charge that occurs when positive ions accumulate outside and negative ions accumulate inside the neural membrane is the resting potential.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true of neural impulses?

Accepted Answer

Neurons do not necessarily fire in response to every impulse they receive. Instead, the incoming message must reach a certain threshold (known as the threshold of excitation) for the neuron to fire an impulse (also known as an action potential).

Question 19

Another term for a neural impulse is a(n) ________ potential.

Accepted Answer

A neural impulse is also known as an action potential, which is the electrical signal that travels down a neuron's axon. The other options listed are different types of potentials or do not accurately describe a neural impulse.

Question 20

A neuron will fire ________.

Accepted Answer

A neuron will not fire in response to every impulse it receives. Instead, it will only fire when the incoming message is stronger than the neuron's threshold of excitation. This is because the neuron needs to receive enough stimulation to reach its threshold before it will fire an action potential.

Quiz 2: The Biological Basis of Behavior

Electrically charged particles found both inside and outside the neuron are ________.

When a neuron is polarized, ________.

During its resting state, the electrical charge inside the neuron is ________ the electrical charge outside the neuron.

When sodium ions flow into a neuron and depolarize it, they create ________.

When the electrical charge inside a neuron is negative in relation to the outside, the neuron is said to be in a state of ________.

When enough sodium atoms have entered the neuron to make the inside positively charged relative to the outside, the neuron is said to be ________.

When sodium ions flow into a neuron and depolarize it, we say the neuron has ________.

"Depolarization," "absolute refractory period," and "threshold of excitation" are terms that apply most directly to ________.

If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is called a(n) ________.

The level a neural impulse must exceed to cause a neuron to fire is called the ________.

A resting potential is the electrical charge across a neural membrane when ions concentrate on the outside and ions concentrate on the inside.

When a neuron is polarized, ________.

A frog muscle is stimulated with an electric current but the muscle doesn't twitch. This probably happens because ________.

Which of the following statements is true?

Organisms or fluids attempting to enter the cell body of a neuron must first pass through the ________.

The process by which a neuron is depolarized in a surge running down the length of an axon is called a(n) ________ potential.

An electrical charge occurs across the neural membrane when positive ions concentrate on the outside and negative ions concentrate on the inside, is known as ________.

Which of the following is NOT true of neural impulses?

Another term for a neural impulse is a(n) ________ potential.

A neuron will fire ________.