Question 1

The environmental hypothesis suggests that mental retardation is

Accepted Answer

The environmental hypothesis suggests that various unfavorable environmental factors, such as exposure to toxins or lack of proper prenatal care, can cause mental retardation in some cases. It does not define mental retardation as an inability to adjust to one's environment, direct slow learners into special education programs, or suggest that environmental deficiencies cause mental retardation in 50 percent of cases.

Question 2

Ashley is 30 years old. She has an IQ score of 60, and she has developed academic skills equivalent to a sixth-grade education level. She is self-supporting, even though she still lives with her parents. According to the system traditionally used to categorize various levels of mental retardation, Ashley would MOST likely be classified as having

Accepted Answer

According to the traditional system used to categorize levels of mental retardation, an IQ score between 50 and 70 is classified as mild mental retardation. Ashley's IQ score of 60 falls within this range. Additionally, her academic skills are equivalent to a sixth-grade education level, which is also consistent with mild mental retardation. Although she still lives with her parents, she is self-supporting, which suggests she is able to function independently to some extent. Therefore, based on the given information, Ashley would most likely be classified as having mild mental retardation.

Question 3

Many individuals diagnosed as ____ mentally retarded become self-supporting and shed the label of retarded when they reach adulthood and leave the educational system.

Accepted Answer

Individuals diagnosed as mildly mentally retarded typically have an IQ between 50-70 and may require some support, but they are often capable of achieving self-support and independence with appropriate education and skill-building. In contrast, individuals with moderate, severe, or profound mental retardation may require more intensive support throughout their lives.

Question 4

According to the system traditionally used to categorize various levels of mental retardation, Keaton was classified as having moderate mental retardation. You would expect that Keaton would have an IQ score

Accepted Answer

Moderate mental retardation is typically associated with an IQ score between 35 and 50, and individuals often have academic skills equivalent to a third-grade child.

Question 5

Frank has an IQ of 60, completed the fifth grade, and is basically self-supporting; Frank would most likely be classified as

Accepted Answer

According to the DSM-5, individuals with an IQ between 50-70 are classified as having mild intellectual disability. Frank's IQ of 60 falls within this range, and although completing only fifth grade education may suggest some limitations, the fact that he is self-supporting indicates that he has functional skills that allow him to live on his own. Therefore, he would most likely be classified as mildly retarded.

Question 6

Hydrocephaly may lead to mental retardation because of

Accepted Answer

Hydrocephaly is a condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, which can lead to increased pressure and damage to brain tissue. This damage can result in developmental delays, intellectual disability, or even death if left untreated. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. The other options are not related to the cause or consequences of hydrocephaly.

Question 7

In practice, the minimum IQ score for gifted programs usually falls somewhere around

Accepted Answer

Gifted programs typically require an IQ score of 130 or above, indicating exceptional intellectual ability. A score of 100 is considered average, while scores of 115 or 150 are not commonly used as minimums for gifted programs.

Question 8

The vast majority of mildly retarded children come from

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children from lower socioeconomic classes have a higher risk of experiencing intellectual disabilities.

Question 9

In most school districts, designations of intellectual "giftedness" tend to be determined primarily by

Accepted Answer

In most school districts, the designation of giftedness is determined primarily by IQ test performance. This means that students who score exceptionally high on standardized intelligence tests are considered as gifted.

Question 10

According to the system traditionally used to categorize various levels of mental retardation, Forest was classified as having profound mental retardation. You would expect that Forest would have an IQ score

Accepted Answer

According to the traditional system, profound mental retardation is defined as an IQ score less than 20, with limited or no speech skills.

Question 11

Phenylketonuria may lead to mental retardation because of

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by an inherited enzyme deficiency, which leads to the buildup of phenylalanine (an amino acid) in the blood and brain. This can cause brain damage and ultimately result in mental retardation if left untreated. Option A is incorrect as PKU does not lead to a buildup of cerebrospinal fluid. Option B is incorrect as PKU is not caused by an extra chromosome. Option D is incorrect as PKU is not related to nutritional deficiencies, but rather a genetic disorder.

Question 12

The vast majority of retarded people are classified as

Accepted Answer

According to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, approximately 85% of individuals with intellectual disabilities fall into the category of mild intellectual disability or "mild retardation." This means that their cognitive abilities fall within the range of 50-70 on standardized IQ tests. The remaining 15% of individuals are classified as moderate, severe, or profound based on their IQ scores and level of adaptive functioning.

Question 13

The IQ of someone classified as severely mentally retarded is approximately

Accepted Answer

Severe mental retardation is typically characterized by an IQ range of 20 to 35.

Question 14

Psychologists who emphasize that most mildly retarded children come from the lower socioeconomic classes, tend to believe that the majority of cases of mental retardation are caused by

Accepted Answer

Psychologists who believe that most mildly retarded children come from lower socioeconomic classes tend to believe that environmental factors, such as poor nutrition and limited opportunities for early childhood education, play a significant role in causing mental retardation. While organic conditions, physiological defects, and metabolic disorders can also cause mental retardation, these psychologists emphasize the importance of environmental factors, particularly in cases of mild mental retardation.

Question 15

Jamie is a 23-year-old female who only completed the third grade. She is employed in a sheltered workshop and has a difficult time with mild stress. Jamie is MOST likely

Accepted Answer

Jamie's low level of education, employment in a sheltered workshop, and difficulties with mild stress suggest that she may have moderate intellectual disability (also known as mental retardation). The other options do not match the given information and are less likely.

Question 16

Megan has an IQ score of 30, and she is able to perform simple tasks in highly structured environments. According to the system traditionally used to categorize various levels of mental retardation, Megan would most likely be classified as having

Accepted Answer

The answer of Megan has an IQ score of 30,...

Question 17

Most school districts, consider children who fall in the ____ of the IQ distributions to be gifted.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most school districts, consider children who fall...

Question 18

The form of mental retardation that is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome is

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in intellectual and developmental delays, as well as physical characteristics such as a flattened facial profile and upward-slanting eyes. Phenylketonuria is a metabolic disorder, hydrocephaly refers to an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, and psychosocial factors relate to a person's social and psychological environment and cannot cause or explain mental retardation on their own.

Question 19

Which of the following statements BEST reflects current government policy regarding the identification of gifted children?

Accepted Answer

The statement that schools should not rely too heavily on IQ tests to select gifted children reflects current government policy, as there is a recognition that other factors such as creativity and socio-emotional characteristics should be taken into consideration when identifying gifted children. The other options (B, C, and D) are not reflective of current government policy.

Question 20

Gunnar is 50 years old, and he had only completed the sixth grade when he was in school. For the past 30 years, Gunnar has been a successful fisherman who has five fishing boats. Recently, he took part in an aging study conducted by a university near his home, and he was told that his IQ score was only 65. Based on the definition for mental retardation, provided by the American Association on Mental Retardation, Gunnar

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gunnar is 50 years old, and he...

Quiz 17: Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1