Question 1

When psychologists use personality to explain why not everyone acts the same in similar situations which quality of the concept are they are using?

Accepted Answer

Psychologists are using the concept of distinctiveness, as they are trying to explain why individuals have unique patterns of behavior in similar situations.

Question 2

According to the five-factor model of personality, people who score high in ____ tend to be sympathetic, trusting, cooperative, and modest.

Accepted Answer

People who score high in agreeableness are typically empathetic, kind, and cooperative in their relationships with others. They tend to prioritize getting along with others and avoiding confrontation.

Question 3

Nikolas is a non-conformist who is daring and likes to try new things. He is extremely imaginative and has a wide range of interests. Based on the five factor model of personality, Nikolas would probably score

Accepted Answer

Nikolas's characteristics suggest a high level of openness, which is one of the five factors of personality in the five-factor model. Openness involves traits such as imagination, creativity, and a willingness to try new things, which fits Nikolas's description.

Question 4

____ is a statistical procedure used by researchers to identify closely related clusters of variables.

Accepted Answer

Factor analysis is a statistical procedure used to identify closely related clusters of variables by reducing the number of observed variables into a smaller number of underlying factors. Other options such as chi-square, deviation analysis, and analysis of variance are not used for identifying clusters of variables.

Question 5

According to the five-factor model of personality, people who score high in ____ are characterized as outgoing, sociable, upbeat, friendly, and assertive.

Accepted Answer

People who score high in extraversion tend to be outgoing, sociable, upbeat, friendly, and assertive.

Question 6

Michael is well known throughout his middle school for being a bright student who frequently disrupts class by answering a teacher's question with a somewhat appropriate wise crack. He behaves much the same when at baseball practice and boy scout meetings. His tendency to be a "class clown" in many situations relates to the ____ aspect of personality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Michael is well known throughout his middle...

Question 7

The two aspects of an individual's behavior that are central to the concept of personality are

Accepted Answer

Consistency refers to how stable an individual's behavior is across situations and over time. Distinctiveness refers to the uniqueness of an individual's behavior compared to others. These two aspects are important to understanding and defining an individual's personality. Appropriateness and typicalness may be relevant to behavior, but they are not as central to the concept of personality as consistency and distinctiveness.

Question 8

Which of the following traits is MOST associated with childhood temperament?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following traits is MOST...

Question 9

When we say that Gordon is quiet and unassuming, we are describing his

Accepted Answer

Describing someone as quiet and unassuming is referring to their personality traits, specifically their demeanor or behavior in social situations. It does not necessarily provide insight into their unconscious motives, philosophy of life, or perception of themselves.

Question 10

An individual's unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits is known as

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to an individual's unique combination of consistent behavioral traits, which are generally thought to be relatively stable over time and across situations. Collectivism and individualism refer to cultural values and attitudes, while archetypes are universal symbolic patterns or characters that are found in literature, mythology, and other cultural traditions.

Question 11

According to the five-factor model of personality, people who score high in ____ are characterized as curious, flexible, imaginative and generally hold unconventional attitudes.

Accepted Answer

People who score high in openness to experience tend to be more open-minded, curious and imaginative. They are often unconventional and more accepting of new ideas, experiences and cultural differences.

Question 12

Joan is an unfailingly polite person who always considers the feelings of others. This tendency to act in a similar manner across situations is indicative of which of the following qualities of personality?

Accepted Answer

Consistency refers to the tendency to react in similar ways across different situations. Joan's unfailing politeness and consideration of others' feelings across situations suggests that she is consistently demonstrating these qualities, indicating a high degree of consistency in her personality.

Question 13

According to the five-factor model of personality, people who score high in ____ are characterized as anxious, hostile, self-conscious, insecure and vulnerable.

Accepted Answer

The trait described is consistent with the dimension of neuroticism, which is associated with negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and hostility. Individuals high in neuroticism may be prone to experience psychological distress and have difficulty coping with stressors in their environment.

Question 14

Raymond Cattell used factor analysis to reduce a huge list of personality traits compiled by Gordon Allport to ____ basic dimensions of personality.

Accepted Answer

Raymond Cattell used factor analysis to identify 16 basic dimensions of personality, known as the 16PF (16 Personality Factors) model.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT consistent with the text's definition of personality?

Accepted Answer

The text's definition of personality typically emphasizes consistent tendencies, uniqueness, and behavioral traits, rather than focusing on an individual's main motivations.

Question 16

Marcos is very quiet and avoids large groups. Some people consider him unfriendly, and he seldom takes a stand or acts assertively. Based on the five-factor model of personality, Macros would probably score

Accepted Answer

Marcos avoids large groups, which suggests low levels of sociability and outgoingness, characteristics associated with low extraversion. He also does not appear to act assertively, which further supports his low extraversion score.

Question 17

According to the five-factor model of personality, people who score high in ____ tend to be diligent, disciplined, well organized, and punctual.

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness is the personality trait associated with diligence, discipline, organization, and punctuality. High scorers in conscientiousness are typically responsible, dependable, and self-controlled. Conversely, low scorers may struggle with procrastination, lack of planning, and impulsivity.

Question 18

While many of the personality traits a person has may be relatively common, the overall combination of traits exhibited by that person is unique. This relates to the ____ aspect of personality.

Accepted Answer

The word "unique" in the statement suggests that the aspect of personality being referred to is distinctiveness, which refers to how a person's combination of personality traits sets them apart from others.

Question 19

Janelle is suspicious and uncooperative. Her friends think she is a boastful person who is seldom sympathetic. Based on the five-factor model of personality, Janelle would probably score

Accepted Answer

Janelle's suspicious and uncooperative behavior suggests low agreeableness, which is characterized by a lack of empathy and cooperation. The fact that her friends also perceive her as boastful and unsympathetic reinforces this likelihood.

Question 20

In an emergency, we would all react differently from one another because we all have different personalities and experiences. This quality of personality is called

Accepted Answer

Distinctiveness refers to the unique ways individuals react to situations or stimuli, including emergencies, based on their personalities and experiences. This quality highlights how people's responses can vary widely due to their distinct characteristics.

Quiz 23: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1