Question 1

Research on the influence of birth order on personality can be traced to which of the following theorists?

Accepted Answer

Birth order theory is mainly associated with Alfred Adler, who proposed that birth order had an impact on personality development. Adler believed that the first-born child was more likely to be perfectionistic and achievement-oriented while later-born children were more likely to be rebellious and creative. Freud and Jung focused more on the role of unconscious processes in personality development, while Watson was a behaviorist who focused on observable behavior rather than internal processes.

Question 2

If Tim is a typical young child, Adler would believe that Tim has

Accepted Answer

Adler believed that every individual experiences feelings of inferiority at some point in their life. This is particularly true for children who are still developing a sense of self and comparing themselves to others around them. Therefore, it is likely that Adler would believe that Tim has feelings of inferiority.

Question 3

The personal unconscious and collective unconscious are associated with

Accepted Answer

The personal unconscious and collective unconscious are two fundamental concepts in Jung's theory of analytical psychology.

Question 4

Individuals who tend to be preoccupied with the internal world of their own thoughts, feelings and experiences are described as

Accepted Answer

The term "introverts" refers to individuals who are preoccupied with their own internal world and derive their energy from solitary activities and reflection. The other options are not related to this personality trait.

Question 5

Natalie is eight years old. Her parents have always spoiled her and given her anything that she has asked for. Based on Adler's theory of individual psychology, this parental pampering may cause Natalie

Accepted Answer

According to Adler's theory of individual psychology, parental pampering can lead to exaggerated feelings of weakness and inadequacy in a child. This is because the child may come to depend on others for their needs and perceive themselves as incapable of handling challenges on their own. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 6

Mark has been unsuccessful in using compensation to help him master life's challenges; according to Adler's theory Mark may exhibit

Accepted Answer

Adler's theory suggests that compensation is a fundamental aspect of personality development, and individuals who are unable to effectively use compensation may develop an inferiority complex, which can manifest as a sense of inadequacy and a lack of confidence in one's abilities. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 7

The central aspect of Adler's theory of personality is that people

Accepted Answer

Adler believed that people strive to adapt and master life's challenges. He emphasized the importance of social interest, or the individual's innate potential to cooperate with others to achieve common goals, in the pursuit of personal growth and fulfillment. According to Adler, individuals are driven by a desire to overcome feelings of inadequacy and inferiority, which he called the inferiority complex, and to become superior or successful in their pursuits. This drive is a natural and healthy aspect of human personality that motivates individuals to strive for excellence and contribute to the welfare of others.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a common criticism of psychodynamic theories of personality?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Question 9

According to Jung, the ____ is a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past.

Accepted Answer

According to Jung, the collective unconscious is a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the assumptions of the psychodynamic theories of personality that has obtained considerable acceptance?

Accepted Answer

While the other three assumptions (unconscious forces, early childhood experiences, and internal conflict) are widely accepted in psychodynamic theories of personality, the idea that sexual and aggressive impulses are the driving force of behavior is less universally accepted and has been subject to criticism and modification over time.

Question 11

Both Carl Jung and Alfred Adler were especially critical of Freud's emphasis on

Accepted Answer

Both Carl Jung and Alfred Adler were critical of Freud's emphasis on sexuality, as they believed that there were other important influences on human behavior and development.

Question 12

According to Adler, compensation

Accepted Answer

Compensation, according to Adler, involves efforts to overcome imagined or real inferiorities by developing one's abilities. This means that when people feel inadequate in a particular area, they may compensate by working harder to improve their skills or abilities in that area. For example, someone who feels socially awkward may compensate by honing their social skills through practice and effort.

Question 13

Since John is very friendly and outgoing, consistent with

Accepted Answer

According to Jung's theory, extraverts are outgoing and sociable, while introverts are more reserved and introspective. Therefore, since John is described as being friendly and outgoing, he would be classified as an extravert according to Jung's theory. Adler's theory, on the other hand, focuses on the individual's striving for superiority and their social interest, so it does not necessarily provide a direct link between personality traits and introversion/extraversion.

Question 14

The personality theorist who believed man's primary motivation is striving for superiority was

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler is known for his theory of individual psychology, which suggests that man's primary motivation is striving for superiority or perfection. He believed that each person has a unique set of goals and aspirations, and that their actions are driven by their desire to overcome feelings of inferiority and strive towards a higher level of accomplishment. This theory is in contrast to other personality theorists who emphasized the role of self-actualization, such as Maslow, or the unconscious mind, such as Jung.

Question 15

The sickly child who goes on to become a forceful, physically active adult is engaging in what Adler called

Accepted Answer

Adler believed that individuals strive for superiority and if someone feels inferior in one area of their life, they may compensate by excelling in another area. In this case, the sickly child may feel inferior in terms of physical ability, but compensates by becoming a physically active adult.

Question 16

Raul is 30 years old, and he seems to be obsessed with the image he presents to others. He buys a new sports car every year, he lives in the biggest house in his neighborhood, and he always buys the most expensive clothes he can find. According to Alfred Adler, Raul's behavior may be a sign of

Accepted Answer

According to Alfred Adler's theory of individual psychology, overcompensation is a defense mechanism used by individuals who feel inferior or inadequate. Raul's behavior of constantly buying expensive items may be a way for him to compensate for his feelings of inferiority and boost his self-esteem.

Question 17

Dr. Hewlett believes that early childhood experiences have a strong influence on adult personality, and that our personality is largely shaped by unconscious forces. Dr. Hewlett's views most closely mirror those of the

Accepted Answer

Dr. Hewlett's belief that early childhood experiences and unconscious forces strongly influence adult personality aligns with the psychodynamic perspective, which emphasizes the role of unconscious processes in shaping behavior and personality.

Question 18

Which personality theorist suggested that the birth order of a child in a family influenced the child's personality?

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler suggested that birth order influences personality development, arguing that the order in which a child is born into a family plays a role in shaping their personality traits and tendencies.

Question 19

According to Alfred Adler, overcompensation may be found in those who

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler proposed that overcompensation is a response to feelings of inferiority. Individuals with an inferiority complex may overcompensate by striving to appear superior, strong, or capable to others, as a way to mask their feelings of inadequacy.

Question 20

Jung termed emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning in a wide variety of cultures

Accepted Answer

Jung referred to emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning in a wide variety of cultures as archetypes.

Quiz 23: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1