Question 1

The school of painting that reduces reality to combinations of geometric forms laid out in a flat space is
A) cubism.
B) surrealism.
C) impressionism.
D) pointillism.

Accepted Answer

Cubism is characterized by the use of geometric forms and the reduction of reality to flat, two-dimensional shapes. Surrealism relies heavily on the subconscious mind, while Impressionism and Pointillism focus on brushstrokes and the use of color.

Question 2

The newest discovery in the research on the experience of pain is that certain types of ____ may play in important role in chronic pain.
A) free nerve endings
B) glial cells
C) gate neurons
D) endorphins

Accepted Answer

Recent research has shown that glial cells, previously thought to only provide support for neurons in the nervous system, may actually play a crucial role in the development and continuation of chronic pain. These cells can release pro-inflammatory cytokines that perpetuate pain signals even after the initial injury has healed.

Question 3

The pathway that researchers believe mediates the perception of pain originates in
A) the septal nucleus.
B) the periacqueductal gray.
C) the medulla.
D) the medial forebrain bundle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The pathway that researchers believe mediates the...

Question 4

In order to create the illusion of three-dimensional reality, a painter must use
A) bivariate depth cues.
B) binocular depth cues.
C) myopic depth cues.
D) pictorial depth cues.

Accepted Answer

Pictorial depth cues are the type of cues that painters use to create the illusion of three-dimensional reality on a two-dimensional surface. These include techniques such as overlapping, size, vertical placement, atmospheric perspective, and shadows & highlights. Bivariate depth cues refer to the use of two separate cues to perceive depth, such as using both binocular disparity and motion parallax. Binocular depth cues rely on the use of both eyes to perceive depth, such as stereopsis, while myopic depth cues are the result of the way that the eye lenses change shape to focus on objects at different distances. None of these are applicable to the techniques used by painters to create the illusion of depth on a canvas.

Question 5

Recent research indicates that glial cells might
A) increase the experience of chronic pain.
B) decrease the experience of chronic pain.
C) increase the experience of pain associated with childbirth.
D) decrease the experience of pain associated with childbirth.

Accepted Answer

Recent research has found that glial cells can increase the experience of chronic pain by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing neural sensitivity. They can also contribute to the development of chronic pain conditions by promoting neural plasticity in pain processing pathways. There is currently no evidence to suggest that glial cells have any impact on the experience of pain associated with childbirth.

Question 6

Which of the unifying themes in psychology is MOST consistent with the existence of ambiguous figures and visual illusions?
A) behavior is determined by multiple causes
B) behavior is shaped by cultural heritage
C) people's experience of the world is highly subjective
D) psychology is theoretically diverse

Accepted Answer

The unifying theme that people's experience of the world is highly subjective is the most consistent with ambiguous figures and visual illusions. This is because these illusions demonstrate how our perception of the world can be influenced by our own subjective interpretation and processing of sensory information. Ambiguous figures, such as the famous "duck-rabbit" image, can be perceived in multiple ways depending on our individual subjective experience. Similarly, visual illusions, such as the Müller-Lyer illusion, can trick our perception based on our prior assumptions and experiences. Overall, these phenomena highlight the subjectivity of our perception and the importance of considering individual differences in psychology.

Question 7

One's ability to overcome tremendous amounts of pain in certain situations (such as an athlete who plays with a broken foot and does not feel the pain until later) can be partially explained by
A) sympathetic nervous system control mechanisms.
B) the hypnotic induction control theory of pain.
C) an overactive thyroid response (hormone release).
D) the gate-control theory of pain.

Accepted Answer

The gate-control theory of pain suggests that pain signals must pass through a "gate" in the spinal cord that can be closed by non-painful signals. This theory can partially explain why someone may not feel pain in certain situations, such as an athlete playing through an injury.

Question 8

A summary of the development of psychologists' understanding of color vision and pitch perception BEST illustrates which unifying theme in psychology?
A) heredity and environment jointly influence behavior
B) psychology is theoretically diverse
C) behavior is shaped by cultural heritage
D) people's experience of the world is highly subjective

Accepted Answer

The development of psychologists' understanding of color vision and pitch perception involves multiple theories and perspectives, illustrating the theme that psychology is theoretically diverse.

Question 9

The descending neural pathway that mediates the suppression of pain originates in the
A) hypothalamus.
B) thalamus.
C) midbrain.
D) hindbrain.

Accepted Answer

The descending neural pathway that mediates the suppression of pain originates in the midbrain, specifically the periaqueductal gray (PAG) region. This region is involved in the modulation of pain perception and is connected to various brain regions involved in pain processing, such as the spinal cord, thalamus, and hypothalamus.

Question 10

Cutting fibers in the neural pathway leading away from the periacqueductal gray in the midbrain
A) reduces the perception of pain.
B) enhances the effects of morphine and other opiate drugs.
C) increases the perception of pain.
D) causes the release of endorphins.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cutting fibers in the neural pathway leading...

Question 11

The fact that what first appeared to be contradictory and incompatible theories on color vision and sound perception lead psychologists to better understand both processes illustrates which of your text's unifying themes?
A) Psychology is empirical.
B) Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
C) Behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage.
D) Psychology is theoretically diverse.

Accepted Answer

The fact that seemingly contradictory theories eventually led to a better understanding of color vision and sound perception demonstrates that psychology is theoretically diverse, as it allows for multiple perspectives and theories to coexist and contribute to a larger understanding of the mind and behavior.

Question 12

The gate-control theory is associated with
A) vision.
B) pain.
C) smell.
D) taste.

Accepted Answer

The gate-control theory of pain suggests that there is a neural "gate" that can either allow pain signals to travel to the brain or block them. This theory helps to explain why some people can experience less pain with distractions or other types of stimulation.

Question 13

Which of the following has NOT been shown to influence the perception of pain in humans?
A) mood
B) personality
C) expectations
D) age

Accepted Answer

Age has been shown to influence the perception of pain in humans, as older adults tend to experience more chronic pain than younger adults. Mood, personality, and expectations have all been shown to influence pain perception as well.

Question 14

The observation that people differ widely in regard to taste preferences and pain tolerance BEST reflects the unifying theme
A) behavior is shaped by cultural heritage.
B) psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
C) psychology is theoretically diverse.
D) behavior is determined by multiple causes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The observation that people differ widely in...

Question 15

The ____ were more concerned with interpreting a viewer's fleeting perception of reality than with recreating the photographic "reality" of a scene.
A) Medievalists
B) Realists
C) French Impressionists
D) Cubists

Accepted Answer

French Impressionists were known for their focus on capturing the fleeting impressions and sensations of a moment rather than a strict adherence to photographic realism.

Question 16

Our construction of perceptual hypotheses illustrates which of your text's unifying themes?
A) Psychology is empirical.
B) Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
C) Behavior is determined by multiple causes.
D) Our experience of the world is highly subjective.

Accepted Answer

The construction of perceptual hypotheses is highly subjective because it involves our interpretation and understanding of sensory information. This aligns with the unifying theme that "our experience of the world is highly subjective."

Question 17

The fact that many Americans might be reluctant to try the Japanese delicacy of raw fish illustrates which of your text's unifying themes?
A) Psychology is empirical.
B) Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
C) Behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage.
D) Our experience of the world is highly subjective.

Accepted Answer

The reluctance to try raw fish is likely due to cultural differences in food preferences, demonstrating how behavior is shaped by cultural heritage.

Question 18

The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the
A) location of the injury
B) spinal cord
C) thalamus
D) cortex

Accepted Answer

The gate-control theory suggests that pain signals can be blocked at the level of the spinal cord by the activation of inhibitory neurons, which can prevent the pain signals from reaching the brain. Therefore, option B, spinal cord, is the best choice.

Question 19

Prior to the Renaissance, artists were generally unsuccessful in painting realistic scenes because they did not understand
A) subjective color mixing.
B) geometric forms.
C) how to use binocular depth perception cues.
D) how to use monocular depth perception cues.

Accepted Answer

Prior to the Renaissance, artists did not understand how to use monocular depth perception cues such as overlapping, size, and atmospheric perspective, which hindered their ability to create realistic scenes. It wasn't until the Renaissance and the emergence of linear perspective that artists were able to more accurately depict the world around them. While the other answer choices may also be relevant to art and painting, they were not the primary factor that contributed to the lack of realism in pre-Renaissance art.

Question 20

The Impressionist technique of pointillism relies on the use of
A) subtractive color mixing.
B) feature analysis.
C) additive color mixing.
D) binocular disparity as a cue for depth.

Accepted Answer

Pointillism in impressionism involves the use of small dots or points of pure color placed next to each other to create the appearance of blended colors when viewed from a distance. This is an example of additive color mixing, where colors are combined by adding light together.

Quiz 8: Sensation and Perception Part 2

The school of painting that reduces reality to combinations of geometric forms laid out in a flat space is

The newest discovery in the research on the experience of pain is that certain types of ____ may play in important role in chronic pain.

The pathway that researchers believe mediates the perception of pain originates in

In order to create the illusion of three-dimensional reality, a painter must use

Recent research indicates that glial cells might

Which of the unifying themes in psychology is MOST consistent with the existence of ambiguous figures and visual illusions?

One's ability to overcome tremendous amounts of pain in certain situations (such as an athlete who plays with a broken foot and does not feel the pain until later) can be partially explained by

A summary of the development of psychologists' understanding of color vision and pitch perception BEST illustrates which unifying theme in psychology?

The descending neural pathway that mediates the suppression of pain originates in the

Cutting fibers in the neural pathway leading away from the periacqueductal gray in the midbrain

The fact that what first appeared to be contradictory and incompatible theories on color vision and sound perception lead psychologists to better understand both processes illustrates which of your text's unifying themes?

The gate-control theory is associated with

Which of the following has NOT been shown to influence the perception of pain in humans?

The observation that people differ widely in regard to taste preferences and pain tolerance BEST reflects the unifying theme

The ____ were more concerned with interpreting a viewer's fleeting perception of reality than with recreating the photographic "reality" of a scene.

Our construction of perceptual hypotheses illustrates which of your text's unifying themes?

The fact that many Americans might be reluctant to try the Japanese delicacy of raw fish illustrates which of your text's unifying themes?

The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the

Prior to the Renaissance, artists were generally unsuccessful in painting realistic scenes because they did not understand

The Impressionist technique of pointillism relies on the use of