Question 1

Which of the following statements best reflects the principle of reciprocity?
A) We tend to like others who seem to like us.
B) We tend to be attracted to people who seem to dislike us initially.
C) We tend to be attracted to people who are generous to others.
D) We are attracted to people whose attitudes seem to be similar to our own.

Accepted Answer

The principle of reciprocity refers to the idea that we tend to like others who like us. This is because when someone expresses positive feelings towards us, we feel compelled to reciprocate those feelings. This is a common phenomenon in human relationships, and it can be seen in both romantic and non-romantic contexts. Studies have shown that people are more likely to be attracted to someone who has expressed positive feelings towards them, even if they initially did not find that person attractive. Therefore, choice A, which states that we tend to like others who seem to like us, best reflects the principle of reciprocity.

Question 2

Zhou was born and raised in China; Myron was born and raised in the United States. When asked about the consequences of a specific event, such as a robber, Zhou is
A) likely to estimate that many people will be effected by the event than Myron.
B) likely to estimate that fewer people will be effected by the event than Myron.
C) less likely to experience cognitive dissonance than Myron.
D) more likely to experience cognitive dissonance than Myron.

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural research has shown that people from collectivistic cultures, such as China, tend to take a more holistic view of events, considering the impact on the community as a whole, whereas people from individualistic cultures, such as the United States, tend to focus more on individual experiences and outcomes. Therefore, Zhou is more likely to estimate that many people will be affected by the event, while Myron is more likely to estimate that fewer people will be affected.

Question 3

Research concerning reciprocity indicates that we tend to
A) like ourselves better if others like us.
B) like those who show they like us.
C) see others as liking us more if we like them.
D) like those who show they like us and see others as liking us more if we like them.

Accepted Answer

The research on reciprocity suggests that we are more likely to like those who show that they like us, but also that we perceive others as liking us more if we like them. Therefore, the best choice is D, which includes both of these findings.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate concerning attitudes?
A) People are more likely to be attracted to someone with dissimilar attitudes.
B) People are more likely to be attracted to someone with similar attitudes.
C) People are equally likely to be attracted to people with similar and dissimilar attitudes.
D) People are not attracted to others based on their attitudes because attitudes and attraction are independent.

Accepted Answer

Research in social psychology consistently shows that people tend to be more attracted to others who have similar attitudes, values, and beliefs. This phenomenon is known as the "similarity-attraction" effect. When people perceive that someone shares their attitudes, they experience a sense of validation and feel more comfortable interacting with that person. Conversely, when people encounter someone with different attitudes, they may feel threatened or feel as though the other person does not understand them.

Question 5

According to the ____ we tend to date people who are similar to ourselves in physical attractiveness.
A) foot-in-the-door techniques
B) primacy effect
C) matching hypothesis
D) reciprocity

Accepted Answer

The matching hypothesis states that people tend to choose partners who are similar to themselves in physical attractiveness. This suggests that individuals aim to date someone who is in their "league" and not someone who is significantly more or less attractive than themselves.

Question 6

If Tracey values the trait of "ambition" in a partner, she is MOST likely to believe her husband Tom
A) has a similar level of ambition as she has.
B) is less ambitious than he believes himself to be.
C) is more ambitious than he believes himself to be.
D) is average in the trait of ambition.

Accepted Answer

Tracey values ambition in a partner, which suggests that she herself is ambitious. Therefore, she is likely to believe that her husband Tom also has a similar level of ambition as she does. This aligns with choice A.

Question 7

In the research on romantic attraction which of the flowing did the researchers discover to be the key determinant of a person's initial attraction to someone else?
A) similarity
B) reciprocity
C) attributional style
D) physical attractiveness

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that physical attractiveness is the key determinant of a person's initial attraction to someone else. While other factors like similarity and reciprocity may play a role in developing a relationship, physical attractiveness is typically the first factor that determines whether or not someone is initially attracted to another person.

Question 8

Nicole is a 30-year-old lawyer who holds very conservative views. She always votes the straight Republican ticket in every election. At a New Year's Eve party she meets Frank who is also a 30-year-old lawyer, but who holds very liberal views. He tells Nicole that he would never think of voting for a Republican candidate. Based on the research by Rosenbaum, you should predict that Nicole will
A) be attracted to Frank because they are both lawyers.
B) be attracted to Frank because they are similar in age.
C) dislike Frank because he holds opposite political views, and dissimilarity causes disdain.
D) be attracted to Frank because he holds opposite political views, and opposites attract.

Accepted Answer

Based on the research by Rosenbaum, dissimilarity in political views can lead to disdain, and Nicole holds very conservative views, which are opposite to Frank's liberal views. Therefore, it is likely that Nicole will dislike Frank because of their opposite political views, rather than being attracted to him.

Question 9

The idea that males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners refers to the
A) matching hypothesis.
B) propinquity hypothesis.
C) attitude-behavior consistency principle.
D) attributional outcome principle.

Accepted Answer

The idea that males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners refers to the matching hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that people tend to form relationships with others who are similar in level of physical attractiveness.

Question 10

Which of the following statements concerning interpersonal attraction is NOT accurate?
A) individuals tend to like others who like them
B) couples tend to be similar in many respects
C) physical attractiveness has a small to moderate influence on romantic attraction
D) individuals who perceive their partner as matching their ideal standards are more satisfied with their relationships

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements concerning interpersonal...

Question 11

Which of the following factors is NOT one that influences a person's initial attraction to someone else?
A) similarity
B) reciprocity
C) attributional style
D) physical attractiveness

Accepted Answer

Attributional style is not a factor that influences a person's initial attraction to someone else. Attributional style refers to how individuals explain the causes of events in their lives, and it may become relevant later in a relationship, but it does not play a role in initial attraction. Factors that do influence initial attraction include similarity, reciprocity, and physical attractiveness.

Question 12

In regards to interpersonal attraction, which of the following sayings is MOST accurate?
A) opposites attract
B) he who hesitates is lost
C) to know me is to love me
D) birds of a feather flock together

Accepted Answer

The saying "birds of a feather flock together" is the most accurate in regards to interpersonal attraction because people tend to be attracted to others who are similar to themselves in terms of background, interests, values, and attitudes. This is known as homophily and has been observed in many contexts, including friendships, romantic relationships, and even online social networks. While there may be some exceptions where opposites attract or where people fall in love after getting to know someone who is different from themselves, overall, people tend to seek out and bond with others who share their interests and worldview.

Question 13

Pierre is a moderately attractive 16-year-old. The high school that he attends is holding a "Sadie Hawkins" dance where the girls ask the boys to the dance. He is hoping to be asked to the dance by either Whitney or Tammy. Whitney is moderately attractive; Tammy is extremely attractive. Based on the evidence from studies which have investigated physical attractiveness and dating, it is MOST likely that
A) Tammy will ask Pierre to the dance, because people tend to select partners who are slightly less attractive.
B) neither girl will ask Pierre to the dance, because people tend to select partners who are more attractive.
C) both girls will ask Pierre to the dance, because women are less likely to consider attractiveness in selecting partners.
D) Whitney will ask Pierre to the dance, because people tend to select partners who match their own level of attractiveness.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that people tend to select partners who match their own level of attractiveness, which is known as the matching hypothesis. Therefore, it is most likely that Whitney, who is moderately attractive like Pierre, will ask him to the dance. While some studies have found evidence for the idea that people select partners who are slightly less attractive, this effect is not strong enough to overcome the overall trend towards matching. It is also unlikely that neither girl will ask Pierre, as physical attractiveness is only one factor that people consider when selecting romantic partners.

Question 14

When Jessica and Carl were first introduced, she didn't think of Carl as a potential dating partner. However, Carl was always nice to Jessica and often did special things for her. All of Jessica's friends told her that it was obvious that Carl liked her, and before too long, Jessica and Carl were involved in a long-term relationship. Jessica's change in feeling toward Carl could BEST be explained using
A) infatuation.
B) reciprocity.
C) similarity.
D) overcompensation.

Accepted Answer

Carl's consistent niceness and efforts to do special things for Jessica created a sense of reciprocity, or the feeling that she should reciprocate his feelings because he was showing her affection and attention. This ultimately led to her developing romantic feelings for him.

Question 15

Research on factors contributing to building relationships seems to support the adage
A) "similarity breeds contempt."
B) "similarity breeds liking."
C) "similarity builds uncertainty."
D) "similarity builds discrimination."

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people are more likely to form relationships with others who are similar to themselves in terms of attitudes, values, beliefs, and interests. This is known as the similarity-attraction hypothesis, which suggests that "similarity breeds liking." Additionally, shared experiences and communication also play a role in building relationships. Option A is a common misconception that contradicts this hypothesis. Options C and D are not supported by research.

Question 16

The tendency of males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness to select each other as partners is referred to as the
A) matching hypothesis.
B) reciprocity effect.
C) similarity effect.
D) least common denominator effect.

Accepted Answer

The matching hypothesis proposes that people tend to select romantic partners who are of similar physical attractiveness. This would mean that males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness would be more likely to select each other as partners, supporting the matching hypothesis. The reciprocity effect refers to the idea that people are more likely to like and be attracted to someone who likes and is attracted to them. The similarity effect suggests that people are more likely to be attracted to those who have similar interests and values. The least common denominator effect is not a commonly recognized term in psychology.

Question 17

Bertha's idea of a potential partner is that he had to be tall, dark and successful. Tito is a tall, African American male who owns a very successful video rental business. Based on the research on the influence of romantic ideals on how relationships progress you would predict that Bertha would
A) be attracted to Tito because he matches her romantic ideals.
B) be attracted to Tito because they are similar in age.
C) dislike Tito because he holds opposite political views, and dissimilarity causes disdain.
D) be attracted to Tito because he reciprocates her values.

Accepted Answer

Based on the research on the influence of romantic ideals on how relationships progress, we would predict that Bertha would be attracted to Tito because he matches her romantic ideals of being tall, dark, and successful. Research shows that people tend to be attracted to others who match their ideal partner preferences.

Question 18

Although physical attractiveness strongly influences interpersonal attraction, many individuals of average and below average attractiveness are involved in long-term relationships. This apparent paradox is BEST explained by the
A) similarity hypothesis.
B) matching hypothesis.
C) companionate love hypothesis.
D) least common denominator hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The matching hypothesis suggests that people tend to form relationships with others who are similar to them in terms of attractiveness. Therefore, individuals who are of average or below average attractiveness are more likely to form relationships with others who are also of similar attractiveness, rather than only seeking out those who are more physically attractive. This can explain how individuals of average or below average attractiveness can still be involved in long-term relationships.

Question 19

Research has shown that initial attraction
A) to someone is minimally influenced by that person's physical attractiveness.
B) is greatly influenced by that person's physical attractiveness.
C) is more influenced by personality similarity than by physical attractiveness.
D) is greatly influenced by perceived intellectual similarity.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that initial attraction is greatly influenced by a person's physical attractiveness, even if other factors such as personality and intelligence become more important in long-term relationships.

Question 20

The fact that we tend to like people who like us illustrates which of the following principles involved in interpersonal attraction?
A) equity
B) reification
C) dyadic interaction
D) reciprocity

Accepted Answer

The principle involved in interpersonal attraction that is most closely related to the fact that we tend to like people who like us is reciprocity. Reciprocity refers to the tendency for people to like and feel attracted to someone who shows that they like and are attracted to them. This principle is often at play in the early stages of romantic relationships, where both partners are trying to gauge each other's level of interest and investment. When one partner demonstrates their interest and affection for the other, it often leads to an increase in attraction and liking from the other partner as well.

Quiz 31: Social Behavior Part 1

Which of the following statements best reflects the principle of reciprocity?

Zhou was born and raised in China; Myron was born and raised in the United States. When asked about the consequences of a specific event, such as a robber, Zhou is

Research concerning reciprocity indicates that we tend to

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate concerning attitudes?

According to the ____ we tend to date people who are similar to ourselves in physical attractiveness.

If Tracey values the trait of "ambition" in a partner, she is MOST likely to believe her husband Tom

In the research on romantic attraction which of the flowing did the researchers discover to be the key determinant of a person's initial attraction to someone else?

The idea that males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners refers to the

Which of the following statements concerning interpersonal attraction is NOT accurate?

Which of the following factors is NOT one that influences a person's initial attraction to someone else?

In regards to interpersonal attraction, which of the following sayings is MOST accurate?

Research on factors contributing to building relationships seems to support the adage

The tendency of males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness to select each other as partners is referred to as the

Bertha's idea of a potential partner is that he had to be tall, dark and successful. Tito is a tall, African American male who owns a very successful video rental business. Based on the research on the influence of romantic ideals on how relationships progress you would predict that Bertha would

Although physical attractiveness strongly influences interpersonal attraction, many individuals of average and below average attractiveness are involved in long-term relationships. This apparent paradox is BEST explained by the

Research has shown that initial attraction

The fact that we tend to like people who like us illustrates which of the following principles involved in interpersonal attraction?