Question 1

Research has supported the finding that, compared to males, females tend to be

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that females tend to be more sensitive to nonverbal cues, including subtle changes in facial expressions, tone of voice, and body language. This may be due in part to differences in brain structure and function between males and females. However, it is important to note that individual differences exist within both genders and that not all females exhibit this trait to the same degree.

Question 2

The major qualification of the research findings on gender differences is that

Accepted Answer

Research findings on gender differences typically focus on group differences and may not necessarily apply to all individuals. The findings are not meant to be prescriptive or determinative of individual behavior.

Question 3

Piaget asserted that the child's experiences in the world, in combination with maturation, together influence the child's cognitive development. This assertion BEST reflects the unifying theme in psychology that

Accepted Answer

The assertion that both experiences in the world and maturation influence cognitive development highlights the importance of both heredity (maturation) and environment (experiences) on behavior, reflecting the unifying theme that these two factors jointly influence behavior.

Question 4

The better documented gender differences in cognitive abilities, aggression, and sexual behavior appear

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that gender differences in cognitive abilities, aggression, and sexual behavior are consistent across a wide range of cultures, suggesting that they are not strongly influenced by cultural factors. There is no evidence to suggest that these differences are decreasing or increasing as more women enter the workforce.

Question 5

Assume research shows there is a gender difference on Trait X and males tend to exhibit more of the trait than females. If the gender difference on Trait X is similar to other traits with gender differences, which of the following conclusions would BEST describe performance on Trait X?

Accepted Answer

This conclusion is the most likely as it suggests that the gender difference on Trait X is a general trend where males on average exhibit slightly higher levels of the trait than females, but there may still be many females who exhibit high levels of the trait and many males who exhibit low levels of the trait. This is consistent with the idea that gender differences on traits are not absolute, but rather represent statistical tendencies. Options A and B are too extreme, as they suggest that only a few individuals exhibit certain levels of the trait. Option C is also too extreme and implies that there is no overlap in trait levels between males and females.

Question 6

On the average, females perform better than males on tests of

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that females tend to outperform males in verbal skills, such as reading comprehension and writing ability. However, there is no significant gender difference in short-term memory or visual-spatial ability. In terms of mathematical ability, some studies have found no difference between males and females, while others have found males to perform slightly better. Therefore, B is the best choice as it is the only option that has consistent gender differences in favor of females.

Question 7

The fact that a child's temperament elicits different reactions from each parent, depending on the parents' personalities and expectations, illustrates which of your text's organizing themes?

Accepted Answer

The interaction of heredity and environment is illustrated here as the child's temperament (heredity) interacts with the parents' personalities and expectations (environment), leading to different reactions.

Question 8

____ gender stereotypes accurately reflect gender differences.

Accepted Answer

Relatively few gender stereotypes accurately reflect actual gender differences. Most stereotypes are oversimplifications and do not account for the wide variability within genders.

Question 9

The finding that environmental factors are most likely to cause damage to specific structures of a developing embryo or fetus when those structures are undergoing rapid development BEST reflects the unifying theme in psychology that

Accepted Answer

The concept that environmental factors can have the greatest impact on the developing embryo or fetus during rapid periods of growth reflects the idea that both heredity and environment jointly influence behavior. This is a key theme in psychology known as the nature-nurture debate, and it highlights the importance of understanding the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors in shaping human development and behavior.

Question 10

The local school board in Middletown recently asked that the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT) be administered to all fifth grade students. They are particularly interested in the scores from the spatial relations and abstract reasoning sections. Based on the research into gender differences in cognitive abilities, you should expect that

Accepted Answer

Based on past research, males tend to outperform females on tests of spatial relations, but there is no consistent gender difference found on abstract reasoning tests. Therefore, it is expected that male students will score higher than female students on the spatial relations section of the test, but there should be no significant gender difference on the abstract reasoning section.

Question 11

Starting in the grade-school years, females show a slight advantage over males in ____ skills, while males show a slight advantage over females in ____ skills.

Accepted Answer

Females generally show a slight advantage in verbal skills, while males tend to have a slight advantage in visual-spatial skills.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

Research studies have shown that females tend to have slightly better verbal skills than males. Option A, B, and D are supported by research studies.

Question 13

Differing views on the course and nature of changes in personality across the lifespan illustrates which of the following unifying themes from your text?

Accepted Answer

The differing views on the course and nature of changes in personality across the lifespan demonstrates the theme that psychology is theoretically diverse. This theme highlights the range of perspectives and theories within psychology that can lead to varying ideas about the same topic or phenomenon.

Question 14

Girls who have congenital adrenal hyperplasia have adrenal glands that produce high levels of androgens (male hormones). Studies have shown that girls with this condition have elevated scores on measures of

Accepted Answer

Girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia have elevated levels of androgens, which are associated with increased aggressiveness and enhanced spatial abilities, aligning with typical male-typical traits.

Question 15

Investigations of complex, real-world issues, such as the effects of day care, illustrate which of the textbook's unifying themes?

Accepted Answer

The investigation of the effects of day care involves studying the impact of societal and cultural factors on child development, which highlights the theme that psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

The statement that females tend to score higher on measures of visual-spatial abilities than males is false. The opposite is actually true, with males consistently outperforming females on tests of spatial ability.

Question 17

One's sex is ____ determined; one's gender is ____ determined.

Accepted Answer

One's sex is primarily determined biologically by their physical sexual characteristics such as chromosomes, hormones, and reproductive organs. However, one's gender is determined culturally by societal norms, expectations, and roles associated with masculinity and femininity. While there may be some biological influences on gender (such as brain differences), it is largely a social construct.

Question 18

The local school board in Middletown has decided to introduce standardized assessment tests for all students in the sixth grade. The test has separate sections for Math and English. Based on the research into gender differences in cognitive abilities, you should expect that

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that females tend to outperform males in verbal abilities, which includes reading and writing skills. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that female students will score higher on the English section of the assessment test. However, there is no clear gender difference in math abilities, so it would not be accurate to assume that either gender will score higher on the math section.

Question 19

Gender differences in behavior appear to be influenced by observational learning, operant conditioning, socialization in schools, and role models in the media, among other things. These findings illustrate which of your text's unifying themes?

Accepted Answer

The statement emphasizes that gender differences in behavior are influenced by multiple factors, highlighting the unifying theme that behavior is determined by multiple causes.

Question 20

When psychologists say that "males and females differ on Trait X," they mean that

Accepted Answer

When psychologists say that "males and females differ on Trait X," they mean that the average male differs from the average female on Trait X. It does not necessarily mean that all males differ from all females or that only a few individuals differ from each other.

Quiz 22: Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Research has supported the finding that, compared to males, females tend to be

The major qualification of the research findings on gender differences is that

Piaget asserted that the child's experiences in the world, in combination with maturation, together influence the child's cognitive development. This assertion BEST reflects the unifying theme in psychology that

The better documented gender differences in cognitive abilities, aggression, and sexual behavior appear

Assume research shows there is a gender difference on Trait X and males tend to exhibit more of the trait than females. If the gender difference on Trait X is similar to other traits with gender differences, which of the following conclusions would BEST describe performance on Trait X?

On the average, females perform better than males on tests of

The fact that a child's temperament elicits different reactions from each parent, depending on the parents' personalities and expectations, illustrates which of your text's organizing themes?

____ gender stereotypes accurately reflect gender differences.

The finding that environmental factors are most likely to cause damage to specific structures of a developing embryo or fetus when those structures are undergoing rapid development BEST reflects the unifying theme in psychology that

Starting in the grade-school years, females show a slight advantage over males in skills, while males show a slight advantage over females in skills.

Which of the following statements is false?

Differing views on the course and nature of changes in personality across the lifespan illustrates which of the following unifying themes from your text?

Girls who have congenital adrenal hyperplasia have adrenal glands that produce high levels of androgens (male hormones) . Studies have shown that girls with this condition have elevated scores on measures of

Investigations of complex, real-world issues, such as the effects of day care, illustrate which of the textbook's unifying themes?

Which of the following statements is false?

One's sex is determined; one's gender is determined.

The local school board in Middletown has decided to introduce standardized assessment tests for all students in the sixth grade. The test has separate sections for Math and English. Based on the research into gender differences in cognitive abilities, you should expect that

Gender differences in behavior appear to be influenced by observational learning, operant conditioning, socialization in schools, and role models in the media, among other things. These findings illustrate which of your text's unifying themes?

When psychologists say that "males and females differ on Trait X," they mean that