Question 1

James believed that psychology should

Accepted Answer

James believed in the functionalist approach to psychology, which focused on understanding the purpose or function of consciousness and behavior. He rejected the idea that psychology should only study observable behavior (A), and he also criticized the structuralist approach (B), which aimed to break down consciousness into its basic elements. While James acknowledged the importance of unconscious factors (C), he believed that psychology should also examine how conscious experiences help individuals adapt to their environment.

Question 2

William James was significantly influenced in his approach to studying psychology by

Accepted Answer

William James was significantly influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, which emphasized the importance of adaptation and the functional role of behavior in survival. This influenced James' approach to psychology, which focused on the study of adaptive behavior and mental processes.

Question 3

Functionalism was founded by

Accepted Answer

Functionalism was founded by William James, an American philosopher and psychologist who believed that the mind and behavior should be studied based on their functions in adapting to the environment. This approach was in contrast to the then-dominant structuralism, which focused on analyzing the mental processes and structures that underlie behavior.

Question 4

The ____ believed that consciousness developed in humans because it serves a useful purpose.

Accepted Answer

The functionalists were a group of psychologists who believed that consciousness developed in humans because it serves a useful purpose. They believed in studying mental processes in terms of their adaptive functions and how they help individuals to adapt to their environments.

Question 5

The "school" of psychology that has a practical focus and is interested in how people adapt their behavior to the demands of the world is

Accepted Answer

Functionalism is the "school" of psychology that has a practical focus and is interested in how people adapt their behavior to the demands of the world. It emphasizes the functions of mental processes and behaviors and considers them to be shaped by evolution and experience. Behaviorism, on the other hand, focuses on observable behaviors and how they can be modified through conditioning. Psychoanalysis emphasizes the importance of the unconscious mind and childhood experiences in shaping behavior. Structuralism focuses on the structure of the mind and its elements.

Question 6

Liserel is a graduate student who believes that the best approach to the study of psychology is to focus exclusively on the unconscious determinants of behavior. Liserel's views toward the study of psychology match those of

Accepted Answer

Liserel's belief in focusing exclusively on the unconscious determinants of behavior aligns with the central focus of the psychoanalytic perspective, as developed by Sigmund Freud. The psychoanalytic perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and repressed emotions in shaping behavior and personality.

Question 7

Sigmund Freud developed an innovative procedure for treating people with psychological problems, which he called

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud developed the practice of psychoanalysis, a therapeutic technique that involves exploring unconscious thoughts and emotions in order to gain insight into one's behavior and mental state. This approach became the foundation for many psychotherapeutic techniques used today.

Question 8

The concept of "stream of consciousness" is associated with

Accepted Answer

The concept of "stream of consciousness" is most closely associated with the work of William James, who used the term in his book "The Principles of Psychology" to describe the continuous flow of thoughts, feelings, and sensations that make up our conscious experience. While Sigmund Freud and Wilhelm Wundt both made significant contributions to the field of psychology, they are not typically associated with the concept of "stream of consciousness." John Watson, meanwhile, is known for his work in behaviorism, which did not place a strong emphasis on studying conscious experience.

Question 9

Psychoanalytic theory attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic theory places a strong emphasis on the role of the unconscious in influencing behavior and personality. It suggests that our past experiences and repressed conflicts shape our behaviors and motivations, and that bringing these unconscious factors to conscious awareness through techniques such as free association and dream analysis can lead to psychological growth and healing.

Question 10

Darwin's theory of natural selection had a significant influence on the development of

Accepted Answer

Functionalism, which focused on how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment, was heavily influenced by Darwin's theory of natural selection. Functionalists believed that mental processes evolved to help organisms survive and adapt to their surroundings.

Question 11

People resisted psychoanalysis mainly because of its emphasis on

Accepted Answer

People resisted psychoanalysis mainly because of its emphasis on unconscious motivation, which challenged the traditional view of humans as rational, conscious beings in control of their behavior.

Question 12

Which of the following did not have a significant influence on the development of Freud's theory?

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory was primarily developed based on his work with patients, self-analysis, and observation of slips of the tongue, as well as his interpretation of myths, literature, and culture. Although he did conduct some experimental research, it was not a significant influence on the development of his theory.

Question 13

Although functionalism faded away as a theoretical force in psychology, historians credit it with two important contributions to the discipline that includes the development of

Accepted Answer

Functionalism contributed to the development of behaviorism and applied psychology, which are still relevant disciplines in modern psychology. While psychoanalysis also emerged during this time period, it was not directly influenced or developed by functionalism. Introspection, which was a key method used in functionalist research, eventually fell out of favor as a reliable scientific tool. Women psychologists certainly contributed to the field of psychology, but functionalism did not have a direct role in promoting their advancement.

Question 14

You act impulsively, then wonder why. Freud would tell you that your behavior was influenced by your

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory, our behaviors are influenced by our unconscious mind, including repressed memories, desires, and instincts. Impulsive behavior may be linked to unconscious drives or unresolved conflicts.

Question 15

Which of the following was not one of the reasons why psychoanalysis was controversial when it was first developed?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis was controversial because of its focus on the unconscious and emphasis on sexual issues, but not because of its focus on humans. Therefore, option C is the correct answer. Option D could have also been a valid choice as experimental research was not used to support psychoanalysis, but it was not the only reason for its controversy.

Question 16

Freud believed that we are often not the masters of our own mind because of

Accepted Answer

Freud believed in the concept of the unconscious, which refers to the part of our mind that operates outside of our conscious awareness and control. According to Freud, the unconscious can influence our thoughts, emotions, and behavior, often in ways that we are unaware of. Therefore, he believed that we are often not the masters of our own mind because of the power of the unconscious.

Question 17

The major departure of Freud's position from prevailing viewpoints around the early 1900s was that he

Accepted Answer

Freud differed from prevailing viewpoints by proposing that people are not fully aware of the unconscious forces that influence their behavior. He believed that our behavior is driven by innate biological drives (such as the libido) and childhood experiences that shape our unconscious mind. This departure from the prevailing emphasis on conscious awareness was a major contribution to the field of psychology.

Question 18

Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that psychological disturbances arise from personal conflicts existing at an unconscious level, particularly conflicts between the id (which operates on the pleasure principle) and the superego (which imposes moral standards). Therefore, option B is the correct choice.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about Freud's psychoanalytic theory is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

Many psychoanalytic concepts, such as defense mechanisms and the unconscious mind, have become integrated into mainstream psychology. While Freud's theorizing is not as dominant as it once was, his ideas have had a lasting impact on the field of psychology.

Question 20

People resisted psychoanalysis because of the suggestion that people are not masters of their own minds and because of Freud's proposal that behavior is influenced by how people cope with

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis suggests that people's behavior is influenced by unconscious motivations that they may not be aware of, which challenges the belief that people are fully in control of their own minds. This idea was difficult for many people to accept and caused resistance to psychoanalysis. Freud's proposal that sexual urges played a significant role in behavior also contributed to resistance.

Quiz 1: The Evolution of Psychology Part 1