Question 1

Explain the term "deindividuation" and how it affects people. Is the effect on behavior always the same, or can it vary?

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Question 2

What is cognitive dissonance? List one example of this state of psychological tension.

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Question 3

What important positive role do stereotypes play in human thinking?

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Question 4

Describe the two general types of attributions people use to explain the behavior of themselves and others, and discuss key concepts in attribution theory, such as the fundamental attribution error, the self-serving bias, and the just-world hypothesis.

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Question 5

Describe the story of entrapment told by the 25 men who had served in the Greek military during the authoritarian regime that ended in 1974.

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Question 6

What is cognitive dissonance? Provide an example that illustrates how cognitive dissonance can lead people to change their attitudes. Make sure to explain the cause of the cognitive dissonance in your example.

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Question 7

In the social-psychological view, the horrifying violence enacted by one group against another is due to inner aggressive drives that are part of human nature.

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The social-psychological view suggests that group violence is due to a complex interplay of social, cultural, and psychological factors, rather than simply being a result of innate aggressive drives.

Question 8

When students were held as "prisoners" in the Stanford prison study, how did they respond during the first days of the experiment? Why did the researchers end the study at Day 6, instead of Day 14 as initially planned?

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Question 9

What cultural differences have been found in regard to the fundamental attribution error?

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Question 10

Solomon Asch, in his experiments testing conformity, wanted to know what people would do when a group unanimously contradicted an obvious fact. What was found in Asch's studies and in the many replications of his work?

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Question 11

Before conducting his study of obedience, Stanley Milgram asked a number of psychiatrists, students, and other adults to predict how many people they thought would deliver shocks at the highest levels. What predictions did they make?

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Question 12

What criticisms have been raised regarding Milgram's comparison of his study with the brutality of the Nazis during World War II?

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Question 13

The philosopher Hannah Arendt, when covering the trial of Adolf Eichmann, used the phrase "the banality of evil" to explain how so many people in Nazi Germany supervised the deportation and death of millions of Jews. What does this phrase mean?

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Question 14

Dissent and altruism are a matter of personal conviction, but situational factors are involved also. Analyze four situational factors that are involved when a person decides to "rock the boat" and choose conscience over conformity.

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Question 15

Describe the technique that Joseph Goebbels called "The Big Lie."

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Question 16

Describe the experimental design of the conformity studies conducted by Solomon Asch.

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Question 17

Define groupthink and list four common symptoms.

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Question 18

What is an attitude? Give an example of an attitude that would be considered explicit and one that would
be considered implicit.

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Question 19

The obedience study conducted by Stanley Milgram has become world famous. Explain, in detail, the procedures that Milgram used in his study and then evaluate his results. What conclusions did Milgram reach? How have critics reacted to his research?

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Question 20

What is meant by the term ethnocentrism? Give one example to illustrate this term.

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Quiz 8: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context