Question 1

The distance cue in which two parallel lines extend into the distance and seem to come together at one point is called _________________.

Accepted Answer

This is referring to linear perspective, which is a powerful distance cue used in art and architecture. The phenomenon occurs due to the way in which objects at a distance appear smaller than those closer to us, and parallel lines seem to converge as they extend into the distance. This can be seen in the way railway tracks or a road will appear to converge in the distance, even though they are perfectly parallel.

Question 2

The ____________ is the perceptual experience of the wave frequency of a sound.

Accepted Answer

Pitch is the perceptual experience of the wave frequency of a sound. It determines how high or low a sound is perceived to be.

Question 3

Changing the shape of the lens to focus on objects near or far is called

Accepted Answer

Changing the shape of the lens to focus on objects near or far is called accommodation. Convergence refers to the inward movement of both eyes to focus on a nearby object. Constriction and dilation refer to the changes in the size of the pupil in response to changes in light intensity.

Question 4

The part of the ear we see is called the ____________.

Accepted Answer

The part of the ear we see is called the pinna or auricle. The cochlea is the inner part of the ear responsible for sound perception, the tympanic membrane is also known as the eardrum, and the ossicles are the three tiny bones in the middle ear that transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.

Question 5

The monocular cue of ___________ is being used when an artist places objects in front of other objects to create a sense of depth when the picture is viewed.

Accepted Answer

Interposition, also known as overlap, occurs when one object partially blocks or overlaps another object. In art, this can be used to create a sense of depth by placing objects in front of other objects to suggest distance. Linear perspective, relative size, and light and shadow are also monocular cues used in art to create depth, but they are not specifically referenced in the given scenario.

Question 6

The fact that each one of our two eyes receives a slightly different image of an object we are looking at is known as ______________.

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described in the question is known as retinal disparity. This is what allows us to perceive depth and have binocular vision. The other options are not accurate descriptions of the phenomenon.

Question 7

Tom spent the morning taking pictures in the small coves of a local lake. What monocular cue is providing depth perception when the near objects in his photographs appear much larger than those on the opposite shore of the cove?

Accepted Answer

Relative size is the monocular cue that provides depth perception when objects that are known to be similar in size appear different due to their distance from the observer. In this case, the objects closer to Tom in the cove appear larger than those on the opposite shore, which are farther away, providing depth perception. Height in plane refers to objects being higher in the visual field appearing farther, interposition occurs when one object partially covers another to indicate depth, and linear perspective refers to parallel lines appearing to converge in the distance. None of these cues are relevant to the size difference in Tom's photographs.

Question 8

Which of the following is a binocular cue to depth?

Accepted Answer

Retinal disparity is a binocular cue to depth perception as it refers to the slight difference in the images projected onto the left and right eye, which allows the brain to perceive depth and distance. Interposition, height in plane, and linear perspective are all monocular cues to depth perception.

Question 9

The trichromatic and opponent process theories of color vision are not in conflict because each corresponds to:

Accepted Answer

The trichromatic theory explains how color information is processed in the retina, while the opponent process theory explains how color information is processed in the visual cortex. Therefore, the two theories correspond to different stages of visual processing and are not in conflict.

Question 10

The trichromatic theory states that:

Accepted Answer

The trichromatic theory of color vision states that there are three types of cones in the retina, each sensitive to a different range of wavelengths (short, medium, and long). These cones work together to allow humans to perceive a wide range of colors.

Question 11

While riding on a train, David notices that the trees and telephone poles close to the tracks seem to flash by, while the buildings, trees, and mountains that are farther away seem to move by more slowly. This phenomenon is called _______________.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is called motion parallax, which refers to the apparent difference in the speed and direction of objects that are at different distances from the observer, as they move relative to the observer. This effect is due to the fact that nearby objects move across the observer's visual field more quickly than distant objects, creating a sense of depth and distance perception. Aerial perspective refers to the effect of atmospheric conditions on the perception of distance and depth, subliminal motion refers to the perception of motion that is below the threshold of conscious awareness, and motion differential is not a commonly used term in the field of perception.

Question 12

The spiral-shaped sense organ used for hearing is the _______________.

Accepted Answer

The spiral-shaped sense organ used for hearing is the cochlea, as it contains the tiny hair cells that convert sound vibrations into electrical signals that travel to the brain. The basilar membrane is a specific part of the cochlea that plays a role in this process. Timbre refers to the quality of a sound, such as whether it is a high or low pitch, and the pinna is the external part of the ear.

Question 13

According to the opponent process theory of color vision, the correct pairings of opposite colors are:

Accepted Answer

The opponent process theory states that color vision is based on three opposing pairs of colors: black versus white, red versus green, and blue versus yellow. This theory explains why we don't perceive yellowish-green or reddish-blue as colors, as they are not opposite pairs.

Question 14

Loudness is associated with a sound wave's ___________.

Accepted Answer

Loudness is directly correlated with the amplitude of a sound wave. The greater the amplitude of a wave, the higher the perceived loudness.

Question 15

As Shane stands between the railroad tracks, the rails appear to converge in the distance. This cue to inferring depth and distance is called _______________.

Accepted Answer

Linear perspective is the visual cue to depth and distance that occurs when parallel lines converge in the distance, as in the case of railroad tracks. Retinal disparity refers to the slight difference between the two retinas in the eyes, which allows for binocular depth perception. Parallax refers to the shift in the position of an object relative to its background due to a change in the observer's position. Relative size refers to the perception of an object's size based on its relationship to other objects in the visual field.

Question 16

Humans can hear sounds ranging from about:

Accepted Answer

Humans can hear sounds that range in frequency from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. The unit of measurement for sound intensity is decibels (dB), but the range of audible sounds typically falls between 0 dB (the threshold of hearing) and 120 dB (the threshold of pain).

Question 17

Which represents the correct order in which vibrations pass from the outer to inner ear?

Accepted Answer

The correct order in which vibrations pass from the outer to inner ear is: auditory canal, ossicles, cochlea. Sound waves enter through the auditory canal, are amplified by the ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes), and then transmitted into the cochlea for processing.

Question 18

Brightness refers to the intensity of light. The corresponding term when discussing sound is __________.

Accepted Answer

Brightness and intensity are equivalent terms in the context of light. In the context of sound, loudness is the equivalent term for intensity. Hue refers to the color quality of light or a visual stimulus, pitch refers to the frequency of a sound wave, and timbre refers to the quality or character of a sound.

Question 19

Sandra stares for about 30 seconds at a green square. After 30 seconds, she looks at a white sheet of paper. What will she "see"?

Accepted Answer

When Sandra stares at a green square and then looks at a white sheet of paper, she will "see" a red square. This phenomenon is due to the afterimage effect, where staring at a color for a prolonged period causes the eye's photoreceptors that detect that color to become fatigued. When looking away, the complementary color to the one stared at is perceived, and in this case, the complementary color to green is red.

Question 20

An increase in the frequency of sound waves will correspond most directly to an increase in __________.

Accepted Answer

An increase in frequency of sound waves corresponds to an increase in pitch. Pitch refers to the subjective experience of a sound being high or low, and is directly related to the frequency of the sound wave. Therefore, as the frequency increases, the pitch perceived by the listener will also increase.

Quiz 4: Sensation and Perception