Question 1

The tendency for each type of hormone to bind to one type of receptor and not to others is called

Accepted Answer

The tendency for hormones to specifically bind to one type of receptor and not to others is called specificity. Agonism and antagonism refer to the activation or blocking of a receptor, respectively, and complementarity refers to the fit between the hormone and the receptor. Only choice C directly relates to the concept described in the question.

Question 2

This figure shows the endocrine system. Which number indicates the thymus gland?

Accepted Answer

The answer of This figure shows the endocrine system. Which...

Question 3

A hormone is traditionally described as a molecule that

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are correct. A hormone is produced in varying amounts by collections of cells, enters interstitial fluid and/or blood and transported some distance, and acts on specific tissues called target tissues.

Question 4

Most hormones are taken up and degraded by the _____________ and _____________.

Accepted Answer

The liver and kidney are primarily responsible for the metabolism and excretion of hormones, respectively. The liver breaks down hormones and other substances, while the kidneys filter out waste and excess substances from the blood to be excreted in urine.

Question 5

Which of the following changes to the endocrine system is not a result of aging?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone secretion does not have a significant decrease with aging. GH secretion decreases with age due to changes in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Melatonin secretion also tends to decrease with age. Thyroid hormone secretion may decrease with age due to changes in the thyroid gland.

Question 6

Which of these statements concerning aldosterone secretion is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone causes increased sodium retention and decreased potassium retention.

Question 7

______________ are chemical signals secreted into the environment that modify the behavior and physiology of other individuals.

Accepted Answer

Pheromones are chemical signals secreted by individuals that affect the behavior and physiology of other individuals of the same species. Hormones, neurotransmitters, autocrine agents, and paracrine agents can also modify behavior and physiology, but they are not specifically defined as signals secreted into the environment.

Question 8

One way that helps maintain fairly constant blood levels of hormones is

Accepted Answer

Hormones that are released into the bloodstream can bind to specific binding proteins, which helps to keep them in circulation and maintain fairly constant blood levels. This also prevents their too-rapid breakdown or excretion by the body.

Question 9

Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands secrete their products through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior, whereas endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Question 10

Hyperparathyroidism

Accepted Answer

Hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which there is an excess production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands, which leads to an increase in calcium levels in the blood, as PTH stimulates bone resorption and helps to release calcium into the bloodstream.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a regulatory function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

The regulation of skeletal muscle contraction strength is primarily controlled by the nervous system through the interaction between motor neurons and muscle fibers. The endocrine system does have an influence on muscle growth and repair through the release of hormones such as growth hormone and testosterone, but it does not directly regulate muscle contraction strength.

Question 12

Secretion of hormones is controlled by

Accepted Answer

The secretion of hormones is controlled by the concentration of mineral ions in the blood, neural input, and tropic hormones. Therefore, all of the options (A, B, C, and D) are correct, choosing E as the answer.

Question 13

The hypothalamus secretes __________, which are classified as _________ hormones, whereby they increase the secretion of an anterior pituitary hormone, or ____________ hormones, whereby they decrease the secretion of an anterior pituitary hormone.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus secretes neurohormones, which are classified as releasing hormones when they increase the secretion of an anterior pituitary hormone, or inhibitory hormones when they decrease the secretion of an anterior pituitary hormone.

Question 14

___ is inhibited by humoral stimuli.

Accepted Answer

Humoral stimuli involve changes in blood levels of certain ions and nutrients that directly stimulate hormone release. Glucagon is inhibited by high blood glucose levels, which is a humoral stimulus.

Question 15

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone secretion increases when blood potassium levels rise, and it promotes the retention of sodium ions and water, which helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.

Question 16

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases calcium level in the blood by promoting the release of calcium from bones into the bloodstream and enhancing the reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys. PTH also stimulates the production of active vitamin D in the kidneys, which increases calcium absorption in the intestines. It does not inhibit the formation of active vitamin D in the kidneys or decrease the rate of bone breakdown. PTH has an opposing effect to that of calcitonin, which lowers blood calcium levels.

Question 17

In response to high blood glucose, the pancreas releases insulin to enable glucose to enter body cells. When the blood glucose level returns to normal, insulin release stops. This is an example of regulation by:

Accepted Answer

The scenario described is an example of negative feedback because it involves a response that opposes or reverses a change in order to maintain homeostasis. In this case, the release of insulin in response to high blood glucose levels helps to lower the glucose levels back to normal, after which insulin release stops.

Question 18

Insulin is secreted in response to

Accepted Answer

Insulin is primarily secreted in response to increased blood glucose levels to help lower the glucose by facilitating its uptake into cells. Choices B and C do not directly stimulate insulin secretion.

Question 19

Removal of the anterior pituitary would affect the functioning of the

Accepted Answer

The anterior pituitary gland secretes several hormones, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which stimulates the thyroid gland to produce hormones. Therefore, removal of the anterior pituitary gland would affect the functioning of the thyroid gland. The other options are not directly controlled by the anterior pituitary gland.

Quiz 10: Endocrine System