Question 1

A participant studied the following word pairs: reptile-snake,reptile-turtle,reptile-lizard,amphibian-frog,amphibian-salamander,and amphibian-newt.Then the participant practiced recalling only the amphibian-salamander pair using the prompt "amphibian-sala_____." Sometime later,the participant was given a memory test of the words he had originally studied.Of these,which word would be MOST likely forgotten?

Accepted Answer

The participant is most likely to forget "frog" because of the retrieval practice effect, where practicing a subset of material (amphibian-salamander) can lead to improved memory for the practiced information but can also cause forgetting of related, but unpracticed, information (such as "frog").

Question 2

A memory acquired in one situation is more likely to be used in situations with similar encoding and retrieval cues,a phenomenon known as:

Accepted Answer

Transfer-appropriate processing refers to the idea that memory is more likely to be successful if the type of processing used during encoding is similar to the type of processing used during retrieval. This can include similar encoding and retrieval cues, as well as similar context or state-dependent cues. State-dependent encoding specifically refers to the idea that memory is more likely to be successful if the person's internal state (such as mood or level of arousal) during encoding is similar to their state during retrieval. Organizational encoding refers to the idea that memory is more successful when information is organized in a meaningful or structured way. Suggestibility refers to the tendency for memory to be influenced by external factors, such as leading questions or other people's suggestions.

Question 3

A participant studied the following word pairs: reptile-snake,reptile-turtle,reptile-lizard,amphibian-frog,amphibian-salamander,and amphibian-newt.Then the participant practiced recalling only the amphibian-salamander pair using the prompt "reptile-liz_____." Sometime later,the participant was given a memory test of the words he had originally studied.Of these,which word would be MOST likely forgotten?

Accepted Answer

Snake is most likely to be forgotten because the participant practiced recalling an amphibian (salamander) with a prompt that starts with "reptile," which could cause interference with remembering other reptile examples, but specifically practiced with an amphibian example, not affecting the recall of other amphibians (frog, newt) as directly.

Question 4

McKayla is asked to think of a word that rhymes with "prime." Danielle is asked to think about the mathematical meaning of prime numbers.The next day,both women are asked,"Hey,what was the word that you heard yesterday that rhymes with 'time'?" _____ will be more likely to recall "prime" because _____.

Accepted Answer

McKayla will be more likely to recall "prime" because the encoding context (thinking of a word that rhymes with "prime") matched the retrieval context (being asked for a word that rhymes with "time").

Question 5

A participant studied the following word pairs: reptile-snake,reptile-turtle,reptile-lizard,amphibian-frog,amphibian-salamander,and amphibian-newt.Then the participant practiced recalling only the amphibian-salamander pair using the prompt "amphibian-sala_____." Sometime later,the participant was given a memory test of the words he had originally studied.Of these,which word would be MOST likely forgotten?

Accepted Answer

The participant practiced recalling the amphibian-salamander pair, so it is less likely to be forgotten compared to the other pairs. The word that was not paired with the participant's practiced word, amphibian-newt, is the most likely to be forgotten. Therefore, the answer is D - newt.

Question 6

Which statement regarding the effectiveness of studying the same material twice versus studying once and quizzing yourself once to enhance recall on a memory test is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement regarding the effectiveness of studying...

Question 7

If presented with similar but misleading information about an event during participants' recollection of the event,participants are then more likely to incorporate the misleading information into their future accounts of the event.This is probably due to the fact that the misleading information was presented closely in time with the _____ of the event.

Accepted Answer

The correct term is "reconsolidation," which refers to the process where previously consolidated memories are recalled and then stored again. When misleading information is presented close in time to the recall of an event, it can become integrated into the memory during the reconsolidation process, leading to altered or false memories.

Question 8

Which statement regarding the effectiveness of studying the same material twice versus studying once and quizzing yourself once to enhance recall on a memory test is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement regarding the effectiveness of studying...

Question 9

Forty-year-old Eli was prompted to recall information about the first university football game he attended as a first-year student some 22 years earlier.Specifically,he was asked information about whether his team won,the weather,who accompanied him to the game,and the size of the crowd at the game.Sometime later,Eli and his twin brother William,who also was at the game but did not experience the initial interview,were asked to recall as many details about the game as possible.What would Eli be MORE likely than William to forget?

Accepted Answer

Eli is more likely to forget the name of the opposing school because it is a less personal and less emotionally significant detail compared to the other options, which involve more personal or vivid memories.

Question 10

A participant studied the following word pairs: reptile-snake,reptile-turtle,reptile-lizard,amphibian-frog,amphibian-salamander,and amphibian-newt.Then the participant practiced recalling only the amphibian-salamander pair using the prompt "reptile-liz_____." Sometime later,the participant was given a memory test of the words he had originally studied.Of these,which word would be MOST likely forgotten?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A participant studied the following word pairs:...

Question 11

Jerry is asked to think of a word that rhymes with "motor." Jimmy is asked to think about how a motor works.The next day,both men are asked,"Hey,what was the word that you heard yesterday that rhymes with 'voter'?" _____ will be more likely to recall "motor" because _____.

Accepted Answer

Jerry will be more likely to recall "motor" because the encoding context (thinking of a word that rhymes with "motor") matched the retrieval context (being asked for a word that rhymes with "voter").

Question 12

According to transfer-appropriate processing,we are more likely to recall information when:

Accepted Answer

Transfer-appropriate processing theory suggests that the likelihood of recalling information is greater when the current situation matches the situation in which the information was originally learned and processed. This is because the brain is better able to retrieve information that was encoded and stored in a particular way when the context and processing match. Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Question 13

Trying to recall an event and successfully recalling one are:

Accepted Answer

Trying to recall an event and successfully recalling one are different processes that occur in different parts of the brain. Attempting to recall an event involves activation of the prefrontal cortex, while successfully recalling an event involves activation of the hippocampus and other memory-related brain regions.

Question 14

Retrieving information from the long-term memory store _____ subsequent memory of that information.

Accepted Answer

Retrieving information from long-term memory can either strengthen or weaken subsequent memory of that information, depending on various factors such as the type of retrieval task and the amount of interference during retrieval. Therefore, the effects may be positive or negative, making D the best choice.

Question 15

A witness to a bank robbery was interviewed and asked to provide details about the suspect's race,age,facial characteristics,height,weight,and clothing.Sometime later,the witness was interviewed again and asked to provide additional details.Which detail would the witness be LEAST likely to recall?

Accepted Answer

The witness may have been more focused on the suspect's physical appearance and clothing during the initial observation, rather than the suspect's statements. Additionally, during a stressful event like a bank robbery, a witness may not be able to recall specific details about what was said.

Question 16

Participants in a study were asked to recall an episode from their memory.During this recollection,new information somewhat related to the episode was presented to the participants.During a follow-up memory test two days later,participants:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the misinformation effect, where new information can influence and distort our memories of past events. The participants incorporated the new information into their memory of the original episode, leading to a false recollection.

Question 17

A child in grade three must learn the rules of multiplication (1 × 1 through 12 × 12)in 2 weeks.The BEST advice to give this student is to:

Accepted Answer

Making flashcards with the problem on the front and answer on the back is an effective method for memorization and retention of multiplication facts. Quizzing oneself repeatedly each day reinforces learning and allows for immediate feedback. This method is more effective than merely reading the list of problems and answers or trying to cram all the information the night before the test.

Question 18

A process by which retrieving an item from long-term memory impairs subsequent recall of related items is termed:

Accepted Answer

Retrieval-induced forgetting is a phenomenon in which the process of retrieving an item from long-term memory impairs subsequent recall of related items. This occurs due to competition between the target item and related items during recall, leading to inhibition or suppression of the related items. Retroactive interference, transfer-appropriate processing, and transience are all memory phenomena but do not specifically relate to the impairment of recall of related items due to retrieval of a specific item.

Question 19

Roediger and Karpicke (2006)studied performance on a memory test in two groups of participants.In one group,participants studied the material twice (study-study).In the other group,participants studied the material once and then were tested on the material (study-test).A final test measuring recall was administered to both groups after various retention intervals.Which statement about performance on the final test is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The study found that recall was better in the study-test group at long retention intervals. This suggests that testing improves long-term retention of information compared to repeated studying. However, it is important to note that this finding does not necessarily apply to all types of information or all testing methods.

Question 20

Retrieval-induced forgetting refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Retrieval-induced forgetting refers to the phenomenon where retrieving a specific item from memory can temporarily impair the ability to recall related items. This happens because the act of retrieving one item actively inhibits the retrieval of related items, making it harder to recall them later.

Quiz 6: Memory

A memory acquired in one situation is more likely to be used in situations with similar encoding and retrieval cues,a phenomenon known as:

McKayla is asked to think of a word that rhymes with "prime." Danielle is asked to think about the mathematical meaning of prime numbers.The next day,both women are asked,"Hey,what was the word that you heard yesterday that rhymes with 'time'?" _ will be more likely to recall "prime" because _.

Which statement regarding the effectiveness of studying the same material twice versus studying once and quizzing yourself once to enhance recall on a memory test is TRUE?

Which statement regarding the effectiveness of studying the same material twice versus studying once and quizzing yourself once to enhance recall on a memory test is TRUE?

Jerry is asked to think of a word that rhymes with "motor." Jimmy is asked to think about how a motor works.The next day,both men are asked,"Hey,what was the word that you heard yesterday that rhymes with 'voter'?" _ will be more likely to recall "motor" because _.

According to transfer-appropriate processing,we are more likely to recall information when:

Trying to recall an event and successfully recalling one are:

Retrieving information from the long-term memory store _____ subsequent memory of that information.

A witness to a bank robbery was interviewed and asked to provide details about the suspect's race,age,facial characteristics,height,weight,and clothing.Sometime later,the witness was interviewed again and asked to provide additional details.Which detail would the witness be LEAST likely to recall?

Participants in a study were asked to recall an episode from their memory.During this recollection,new information somewhat related to the episode was presented to the participants.During a follow-up memory test two days later,participants:

A child in grade three must learn the rules of multiplication (1 × 1 through 12 × 12) in 2 weeks.The BEST advice to give this student is to:

A process by which retrieving an item from long-term memory impairs subsequent recall of related items is termed:

Retrieval-induced forgetting refers to the: