Question 1

Some early philosophers believed that all knowledge was acquired through experience,an idea now known as:

Accepted Answer

The idea that all knowledge is acquired through experience is known as philosophical empiricism. Functionalism is a theory that emphasizes the importance of the function of the mind and behavior rather than its structure or components. Structuralism is a theory that focuses on analyzing the structure of the mind through introspection. Nativism is the belief that some ideas or knowledge are innate or present at birth.

Question 2

Which early philosopher advocated the philosophical view of nativism?

Accepted Answer

Plato is the early philosopher who is known for advocating the philosophical view of nativism, which posits that certain ideas or knowledge are innate or present in the mind from birth.

Question 3

Which early philosopher was interested in certain kinds of knowledge as being innate or inborn?

Accepted Answer

Plato believed in the concept of innate knowledge, which he called anamnesis, where certain knowledge is already present in the soul at birth and is simply remembered or recollected through experience.

Question 4

The older position of nativism is reflected in psychological views that emphasize the effect of _____ on behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Nativism emphasizes the role of innate or inherent factors, such as genetics, in shaping behavior. Therefore, the best choice is nature.

Question 5

Attempts to develop a scientific approach to psychology related the mind to the:

Accepted Answer

Attempts to develop a scientific approach to psychology related the mind to the brain. The brain is the organ responsible for processing and interpreting mental processes, making it an important focus of scientific study in psychology. The other options, such as the unconscious, spirit, and soul, are more philosophical or spiritual concepts that are not easily measurable or observable through scientific means.

Question 6

Psychology is the _____ study of mind and behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Psychology is considered a scientific study because it uses systematic and objective methods of observation and experimentation to understand various aspects of the mind and behavior. Dualistic and phrenological approaches to studying the mind do not have a strong scientific basis, and subjective studies are based on personal opinions and experiences rather than empirical evidence.

Question 7

Psychology is the scientific study of:

Accepted Answer

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behaviour, including cognitive processes, emotional processes, and social interactions. The body and mood may be related to psychology, but they are not the focus of the discipline.

Question 8

Today,psychologists believe that thoughts and feelings:

Accepted Answer

The current scientific consensus is that thoughts and feelings arise from the electrical and chemical activities of the brain. This is supported by extensive research in neuroscience and cognitive psychology.

Question 9

Which statement is compatible with modern psychological science?

Accepted Answer

Modern psychological science has shown that thoughts, feelings, and behavior are associated with physiological processes such as electrical and chemical events in the brain, making choice B the correct answer. A is incorrect because the scientific method is applied to all areas of psychology. C is incorrect because psychologists study both observable behavior and internal mental processes. D is incorrect because behavior is also a topic of study in modern psychology.

Question 10

The fact that very young children almost universally master the basics of language without formal training is MOST consistent with:

Accepted Answer

Plato's nativism posits that certain skills or knowledge are innate rather than acquired from experience. The universal ability of young children to learn the basics of language without formal instruction aligns with this view, suggesting that some aspects of knowledge, such as language acquisition, are inherent to human nature.

Question 11

_____ refers to the private inner experience of perception,thoughts,memories,and feelings.

Accepted Answer

The private inner experience of perception, thoughts, memories, and feelings is referred to as the mind. Dualism refers to the belief that the mind and body are separate entities, while behaviour refers to observable actions or reactions. Empiricism is a belief that knowledge is gained through sensory experience. Therefore, the best choice for this question is A) Mind.

Question 12

Today,most psychologists would agree with which statement concerning mental processes?

Accepted Answer

Most psychologists today agree that mental processes arise from brain functioning, meaning that our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are all connected to the way our brain processes information. This view is supported by neuroscientific research and has been influential in shaping modern psychology. The other options are incorrect: A is untrue because the scientific method can and has been applied to the study of thinking and emotion; B is a dualist view, which is not widely accepted in psychology; and D is too narrow, as psychology also studies behavior, development, and social interactions.

Question 13

Nature is to nurture as nativism is to:

Accepted Answer

Nature refers to innate qualities, while nurture refers to environmental influences. Similarly, nativism refers to the belief that knowledge is innate, while empiricism refers to the belief that knowledge is acquired through experience.

Question 14

The notion that the mind at birth is a tabula rasa is consistent with the views of:

Accepted Answer

The idea of the mind being a blank slate or tabula rasa at birth is associated with the philosophical views of Aristotle. Plato believed in the preexistence of the soul, Descartes believed in innate ideas, and Gall was a phrenologist who believed in localized brain functions.

Question 15

Plato is to _____ as Aristotle is to _____.

Accepted Answer

Plato's philosophical view was based on the notion of innate knowledge and the existence of a realm of Forms or ideas. This is nativism. On the other hand, Aristotle emphasized on empirical observation and experience as the basis of knowledge, and this view is known as philosophical empiricism.

Question 16

Which early philosopher advocated philosophical empiricism?

Accepted Answer

Aristotle advocated for philosophical empiricism, the idea that all knowledge comes from sensory experience and observation of the physical world. This is opposed to innate knowledge or knowledge gained through pure reasoning, which were ideas proposed by other philosophers such as Plato and Descartes.

Question 17

The early roots of psychology are firmly planted in physiology and in:

Accepted Answer

The early roots of psychology can be traced back to philosophy, particularly to ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle who explored topics related to the mind and behavior. Dualism, which identifies the mind as distinct from the body, was also a significant philosophical concept that influenced early psychologists. Therefore, option D, philosophy, is the best answer.

Question 18

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behaviour.Behaviour refers to:

Accepted Answer

Behaviour refers to observable actions of humans and nonhuman animals. The other options, such as perceptions, thoughts, memories, and feelings, are components of the mind and not necessarily observable as behaviour. Explanations and urges are also not necessarily observable actions themselves, but rather may influence behaviour.

Question 19

Among the first to struggle with how the mind works were the:

Accepted Answer

Greek philosophers, such as Aristotle and Plato, were among the first to explore questions about cognition and the nature of the mind. They developed theories about perception, memory, and rational thought, laying the foundation for later investigations into the workings of the mind. While the other options also contain individuals or groups that investigated the mind, they were not "among the first" as the prompt asks.

Question 20

Some early philosophers believed that certain kinds of knowledge were innate or inborn,a theory known as:

Accepted Answer

The theory that certain knowledge is innate or inborn is known as nativism. Functionalism, philosophical empiricism, and structuralism do not necessarily relate to this particular belief.

Quiz 1: Psychology: Evolution of a Science