Question 1

Karen ultimately wants to pursue a master's degree in education but first must obtain a strong scientific background as an undergraduate.Courses in which hub science would be MOST relevant to her career goals?

Accepted Answer

Psychology is considered a hub science and is highly relevant to education as it provides insights into learning processes, cognitive development, and behavior, which are crucial for effective teaching.

Question 2

The defining feature of a "hub science" is a science that:

Accepted Answer

A "hub science" is a science that links with and influences smaller subfields, serving as a center of innovation and advancement. While laboratory research, federal grant funds, and doctoral programs may be associated with hub sciences, they are not defining features.

Question 3

Psychologists work in a wide variety of settings,but the LARGEST percentage work in:

Accepted Answer

According to the American Psychological Association, the largest percentage of psychologists work in clinical settings such as hospitals, mental health clinics, and private practices. Approximately 42% of psychologists work in this field. Other settings include academic institutions (23%), government agencies (7%), and business (6%).

Question 4

Which field of study is NOT a hub science as identified by Kevin Boyack and his colleagues (2005)in their article "Mapping the Backbone of Science"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which field of study is NOT a...

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions :
Scenario I
Scenario I is based on and presents data from the following study (reproduced from p.26 of the textbook):
Piff,P.K. ,Stancato,D.M. ,Côté,S. ,Mendoza-Denton,R. ,& Keltner,D.(2012).Higher social class predicts increased unethical behaviour.PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,109(11),4086-4091.doi:10.1073/pnas.1118373109
Piff and colleagues (2012)used naturalistic observation techniques to determine if wealthy people behaved more or less ethically than people who were not wealthy.In one study,observers stood at a busy intersection and recorded the make,model,and year of each approaching car.They also noted if the car cut off other cars or pedestrians at this intersection.
Major findings of Piff et al.(2012)are presented in Figure 1.1.This figure shows the percentage of times vehicles cut off another driver (top panel)or pedestrians (lower panel)as a function of the social status of the vehicles (with more expensive cars ranked higher in social status).
Figure 1.1 
-(Scenario I)Consider both panels in Figure 1.1.Which is a description of a result shown in this figure?

Accepted Answer

The result shown in this figure is that small increases in the value of a car (i.e., a higher social status) had relatively large effects on whether or not a driver would cut off a pedestrian. This is reflected in the steeper slope of the line for pedestrian cutoffs compared to the line for vehicle-to-vehicle cutoffs. Option A is incorrect because the figure does not provide information on whether drivers were more likely to yield to pedestrians or other cars. Option B is incorrect because the figure does not provide information on the middle-class range of cars. Option D is incorrect because the figure actually shows that small changes in car social status (i.e., higher social status) did have a predictive value in determining if people would yield to pedestrians.

Question 6

Use the following to answer questions :
Scenario I
Scenario I is based on and presents data from the following study (reproduced from p.26 of the textbook):
Piff,P.K. ,Stancato,D.M. ,Côté,S. ,Mendoza-Denton,R. ,& Keltner,D.(2012).Higher social class predicts increased unethical behaviour.PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,109(11),4086-4091.doi:10.1073/pnas.1118373109
Piff and colleagues (2012)used naturalistic observation techniques to determine if wealthy people behaved more or less ethically than people who were not wealthy.In one study,observers stood at a busy intersection and recorded the make,model,and year of each approaching car.They also noted if the car cut off other cars or pedestrians at this intersection.
Major findings of Piff et al.(2012)are presented in Figure 1.1.This figure shows the percentage of times vehicles cut off another driver (top panel)or pedestrians (lower panel)as a function of the social status of the vehicles (with more expensive cars ranked higher in social status).
Figure 1.1 
-(Scenario I)The researchers who conducted this study are MOST likely to be _____ psychologists.

Accepted Answer

The study conducted by Piff et al. (2012) focuses on social class and its impact on unethical behavior. Therefore, the researchers who conducted this study are most likely to be social or cultural psychologists.

Question 7

Tanisha ultimately wants to pursue a master's degree in public health but first must obtain a strong scientific background as an undergraduate.Courses in which hub science would be MOST relevant to her career goals?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tanisha ultimately wants to pursue a master's...

Question 8

The classification of psychology as a hub science MOST supports the idea that an undergraduate education in psychology will prepare students for:

Accepted Answer

The classification of psychology as a hub science suggests that it has strong connections and overlaps with other fields of science, such as biology, sociology, and neuroscience. Therefore, an undergraduate education in psychology can prepare students for a variety of career paths related to these fields, including but not limited to clinical psychology and laboratory research.

Question 9

Gary,a 16-year-old,is suffering from severe depression.Of these professionals,Gary should receive treatment from a _____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychologists are trained to diagnose and treat individuals with severe mental health disorders, such as depression. Counseling psychologists generally deal with less severe psychological issues and focus on helping individuals cope with daily life challenges. School psychologists typically work in educational settings to support students' academic and emotional well-being. Health psychologists focus on the relationship between mental and physical health. While all of these professionals may have some knowledge and training in treating depression, clinical psychologists are specifically trained to address severe mental health concerns.

Question 10

In an article entitled "Mapping the Backbone of Science," Kevin Boyack and his colleagues (2005)identified how many hub sciences?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an article entitled "Mapping the Backbone...

Question 11

Who is MOST likely to be a member of the American Psychological Association?

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychologists like Perry are more likely to be members of the APA as they deal with the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, which is a focus of the APA.

Question 12

What is a hub science?

Accepted Answer

A hub science refers to a large field of science that links with and influences smaller subfields. It can be seen as a central hub that connects and integrates knowledge across different scientific disciplines. Examples of hub sciences include physics, biology, and neuroscience.

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions :
Scenario I
Scenario I is based on and presents data from the following study (reproduced from p.26 of the textbook):
Piff,P.K. ,Stancato,D.M. ,Côté,S. ,Mendoza-Denton,R. ,& Keltner,D.(2012).Higher social class predicts increased unethical behaviour.PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,109(11),4086-4091.doi:10.1073/pnas.1118373109
Piff and colleagues (2012)used naturalistic observation techniques to determine if wealthy people behaved more or less ethically than people who were not wealthy.In one study,observers stood at a busy intersection and recorded the make,model,and year of each approaching car.They also noted if the car cut off other cars or pedestrians at this intersection.
Major findings of Piff et al.(2012)are presented in Figure 1.1.This figure shows the percentage of times vehicles cut off another driver (top panel)or pedestrians (lower panel)as a function of the social status of the vehicles (with more expensive cars ranked higher in social status).
Figure 1.1 
-(Scenario I)Consider only the bottom panel in Figure 1.1.These results demonstrate that:

Accepted Answer

The bottom panel of Figure 1.1 shows that as the social status of a vehicle increases (with more expensive cars ranked higher in social status), the likelihood that the driver fails to yield to pedestrians increases as well. This suggests that people driving a more expensive car fail to yield to pedestrians more than do people who drive less expensive cars.

Question 14

Use the following to answer questions :
Scenario I
Scenario I is based on and presents data from the following study (reproduced from p.26 of the textbook):
Piff,P.K. ,Stancato,D.M. ,Côté,S. ,Mendoza-Denton,R. ,& Keltner,D.(2012).Higher social class predicts increased unethical behaviour.PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,109(11),4086-4091.doi:10.1073/pnas.1118373109
Piff and colleagues (2012)used naturalistic observation techniques to determine if wealthy people behaved more or less ethically than people who were not wealthy.In one study,observers stood at a busy intersection and recorded the make,model,and year of each approaching car.They also noted if the car cut off other cars or pedestrians at this intersection.
Major findings of Piff et al.(2012)are presented in Figure 1.1.This figure shows the percentage of times vehicles cut off another driver (top panel)or pedestrians (lower panel)as a function of the social status of the vehicles (with more expensive cars ranked higher in social status).
Figure 1.1 
-(Scenario I)Consider only the top panel in Figure 1.1.These results underscore the importance of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following to answer questions :
Scenario...

Question 15

Social psychology was influenced by German experimental psychologists fleeing the Holocaust who were strongly influenced by which approach to psychology?

Accepted Answer

German experimental psychologists who fled the Holocaust were strongly influenced by Gestalt psychology, which emphasized the importance of perception and cognition in understanding human behavior. This approach had a significant impact on the development of social psychology.

Question 16

In an article entitled "Mapping the Backbone of Science," Kevin Boyack and his colleagues (2005)characterized psychology as a(n)_____ science.

Accepted Answer

According to the article, psychology is characterized as a "hub" science because it connects with many other fields and provides a central point of reference. This is in contrast to "basic" sciences which focus on fundamental research and "applied" sciences which focus on practical applications, or "health" sciences which specifically pertain to the study of health and well-being.

Question 17

Which field of study is NOT a hub science as identified by Kevin Boyack and his colleagues (2005)in their article "Mapping the Backbone of Science"?

Accepted Answer

According to Kevin Boyack and his colleagues (2005), economics is not identified as a hub science. Chemistry, medicine, and social science are all recognized as hub sciences in their article "Mapping the Backbone of Science."

Question 18

The classification of psychology as a hub science MOST supports the idea that psychology:

Accepted Answer

The classification of psychology as a hub science means that it has relevance to many other disciplines and fields, including neuroscience, sociology, education, and even business. It is not solely a basic laboratory science or a clinical field, nor has it grown beyond an academic discipline.

Question 19

Which mental health professionals assist people in dealing with work/career issues,life changes,and common crises?

Accepted Answer

Counseling psychologists are trained to assist individuals in managing life changes, common crises, and work/career issues. They use psychotherapeutic techniques to address emotional, behavioral, and social problems and help clients develop coping skills and strategies for managing their challenges. Social psychologists study how people interact within groups, while industrial/organizational psychologists focus on workplace issues such as personnel selection, training, and performance evaluation. Health psychologists focus on the interplay between psychological and physical health. While some health psychologists may address life changes and crises, their primary focus is on the physical aspects of health and illness.

Question 20

On a map based on citations and references in scientific peer-reviewed journals,psychology is MOST closely linked to which hub science?

Accepted Answer

Psychology is a social science and is most closely linked to other social sciences such as sociology and anthropology. It also has connections to neuroscience and biology, which can be considered "hub sciences," but the most direct and significant links are with other social sciences.

Quiz 1: Psychology: Evolution of a Science