Question 1

Epigenetic writers:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Epigenetic writers:
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Question 2

The genes of a child will have most in common with the genes of a(n):

Accepted Answer

Identical twins are derived from the same fertilized egg, which splits and forms two embryos. Therefore, they share virtually all of their genes, making them the most genetically similar compared to siblings, parents, or fraternal twins.

Question 3

Which film analogy BEST describes an epigenetic mark?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetic marks are akin to a director's decision to include or exclude a particular scene from the original script, as they can activate or repress the expression of genes without changing the underlying DNA sequence, similar to how a scene's inclusion or exclusion can alter a film's narrative without changing the script itself.

Question 4

Which film analogy BEST describes epigenetics?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetics is like two different movies based on a common script because it involves changes in gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence, similar to how different movies can be made from the same script through different interpretations, directions, or settings.

Question 5

The probability of sharing genes is termed:

Accepted Answer

The probability of sharing genes is termed degree of relatedness. This refers to the degree of genetic similarity between two individuals, and it depends on how closely they are related in terms of their ancestry. Epigenetics refers to the study of changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence. Monozygotic continuity is not a term used in genetics, and heritability refers to the proportion of the variation in a trait that is due to genetic factors.

Question 6

The likelihood of a dizygotic twin of a person with schizophrenia also having schizophrenia is about _____%.

Accepted Answer

The likelihood of a dizygotic twin of a person with schizophrenia also having schizophrenia is around 27%, which is higher than the general population risk of around 1%. This suggests a genetic component to the development of schizophrenia, although environmental factors also play a role. Option A (12%) is too low while option C (50%) and D (96%) are too high.

Question 7

Which film analogy BEST describes epigenetics?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetics can be likened to two different productions of Shakespeare's Hamlet, where the same script (DNA) is used but different actors, directors, and scenery (epigenetic modifications) result in vastly different outcomes. Just like how different productions of Hamlet can have different interpretations, epigenetic modifications can lead to different gene expressions, resulting in unique traits and characteristics.

Question 8

The likelihood of a monozygotic twin of a person with schizophrenia also having schizophrenia is about _____%.

Accepted Answer

The likelihood of a monozygotic (identical) twin of a person with schizophrenia also having schizophrenia is about 50%. This is much higher than the likelihood for dizygotic (fraternal) twins or other siblings of a person with schizophrenia. This high concordance rate suggests a strong genetic component to schizophrenia, although environmental factors also play a role.

Question 9

Chemical modifications of DNA that can turn genes on and off are termed epigenetic:

Accepted Answer

Chemical modifications of DNA that can turn genes on and off are referred to as epigenetic marks.

Question 10

In epigenetics,the environment influences gene expression:

Accepted Answer

Epigenetic changes involve modifications to the DNA and surrounding proteins, such as histones, that can alter the accessibility of genes to be expressed without changing the DNA sequence itself. Thus, option A is correct because epigenetic changes influence gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequences.

Question 11

Mary lives with her identical twin Carrie,her older brother Larry,her parents Harry and Teri,and her grandfather Jerry.Consider the percentage of genes shared by Mary and Teri.This percentage is the same as those shared by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mary lives with her identical twin Carrie,her...

Question 12

When a methyl group is _____ DNA,it turns _____ gene expression.

Accepted Answer

When a methyl group is added to DNA, it can turn off or silence gene expression. This is because methylated DNA is often associated with a closed chromatin structure that restricts access of transcription factors and RNA polymerase to the DNA, thus preventing gene transcription.

Question 13

The idea that genes express themselves within an environment is a central component of:

Accepted Answer

The concept that genes can be activated or deactivated in response to environmental factors is a fundamental principle of epigenetics. Degree of relatedness refers to the genetic similarity between individuals, heritability refers to the proportion of variability in a trait that is due to genetic factors, and phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history of a group of organisms.

Question 14

A critically acclaimed director is working on her latest blockbuster movie.Which scenario is MOST analogous to an epigenetic mark?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetic marks do not change the DNA sequence (script) itself but affect how genes are expressed, similar to how emphasizing one scene over another can change the movie's focus without altering the script.

Question 15

Histone modification:

Accepted Answer

Histone modification can cause both the expression and nonexpression of genes by altering the accessibility of the DNA to transcription factors and RNA polymerase. It does not result in the formation of novel DNA sequences or chromosomal pairs.

Question 16

Strands of DNA are wrapped around _____ proteins.

Accepted Answer

Strands of DNA are wrapped around histone proteins, which help compact the DNA into chromatin and allow for gene regulation. Methyl, acetone, and chloride are not typically associated with DNA structure or function.

Question 17

The area of research that studies how the environment influences gene expression is termed:

Accepted Answer

The area of research that studies how the environment influences gene expression is called epigenetics. Epigenetic changes can influence gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequence, and they can be influenced by a range of factors including environmental exposures, diet, lifestyle, and stress. Meiosis is the process of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells). Heritability refers to the extent to which variation in a trait is due to genetic factors. Ontogeny refers to the process of development from a fertilized egg to an adult organism.

Question 18

_____ twins develop from a splitting of a single fertilized egg and share _____% of their genes.

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins develop from a single fertilized egg that splits into two, creating two genetically identical individuals. Therefore, they share 100% of their genes.

Question 19

_____ twins develop from two separate fertilized eggs and share _____% of their genes.

Accepted Answer

Dizygotic (fraternal) twins develop from two separate fertilized eggs, and therefore share about 50% of their genes. Monozygotic (identical) twins develop from a single fertilized egg and share 100% of their genes.

Question 20

The genes of a child will have the LEAST in common with the genes of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A child shares 50% of their genes with each parent, as they inherit half of their genetic material from each. Siblings share 50% of their genes with each other on average, as they inherit half from each parent, but not necessarily the same half. Fraternal twins are the result of two separate fertilized eggs and therefore share, on average, 50% of their genes like any other siblings. However, a grandparent only shares an average of 25% of their genes with their grandchild, making them the choice with the least in common.

Quiz 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Epigenetic writers:

The genes of a child will have most in common with the genes of a(n) :

Which film analogy BEST describes an epigenetic mark?

Which film analogy BEST describes epigenetics?

The probability of sharing genes is termed:

The likelihood of a dizygotic twin of a person with schizophrenia also having schizophrenia is about _____%.

Which film analogy BEST describes epigenetics?

The likelihood of a monozygotic twin of a person with schizophrenia also having schizophrenia is about _____%.

Chemical modifications of DNA that can turn genes on and off are termed epigenetic:

In epigenetics,the environment influences gene expression:

Mary lives with her identical twin Carrie,her older brother Larry,her parents Harry and Teri,and her grandfather Jerry.Consider the percentage of genes shared by Mary and Teri.This percentage is the same as those shared by:

When a methyl group is _ DNA,it turns _ gene expression.

The idea that genes express themselves within an environment is a central component of:

A critically acclaimed director is working on her latest blockbuster movie.Which scenario is MOST analogous to an epigenetic mark?

Histone modification:

Strands of DNA are wrapped around _____ proteins.

The area of research that studies how the environment influences gene expression is termed:

_ twins develop from a splitting of a single fertilized egg and share _% of their genes.

_ twins develop from two separate fertilized eggs and share _% of their genes.

The genes of a child will have the LEAST in common with the genes of a(n) :