Question 1

Research indicates that in an emergency,a female bystander is more likely to help a man than a woman.

Accepted Answer

Research generally shows that people are more likely to help others of the same gender, and there is no consistent evidence to suggest that female bystanders are more likely to help men over women in emergencies. Factors such as perceived vulnerability, empathy, and social norms about helping behavior can influence who gets helped, rather than the gender of the bystander and victim alone.

Question 2

According to Leon Festinger,people strive for consistency in their cognitions.If they have two or more cognitions that contradict one another,they experience an unpleasant state of tension called _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Leon Festinger,people strive for consistency...

Question 3

People who have a low need for _______ appear to be more strongly influenced by the peripheral route to persuasion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People who have a low need for...

Question 4

The tendency to prefer people in a group to which we already belong and to attribute more positive qualities to these individuals is called in-group favouritism.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes in-group favouritism.

Question 5

The study of impulsive murders discussed in the text found that these individuals had lower levels of activity in their frontal lobes than comparison groups did.

Accepted Answer

The text states that "impulsive murderers had significantly less activity in their prefrontal cortices compared to both non-murderer and premeditated murderer groups." The prefrontal cortex is a section of the frontal lobes.

Question 6

Bem's _____________________ asserts that we make inferences about our own attitudes by observing our own behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bem's _____________________ asserts that we make inferences...

Question 7

Social comparison and diffusion of responsibility were mentioned as two of the possible ways that the bystander effect inhibits people from helping others in an emergency.

Accepted Answer

Social comparison and diffusion of responsibility are two common explanations for the bystander effect, which suggests that individuals are less likely to take action to help someone during an emergency when there are other people present. Social comparison refers to the tendency to look to others for cues on how to behave or interpret a situation, and if others are not reacting, it may lead an individual to believe that help is not necessary. Diffusion of responsibility refers to the idea that as the number of bystanders increases, individuals feel less responsibility to intervene because they assume someone else will take action.

Question 8

A(n)_____________ consists of a set of norms that indicate how people of a particular social position ought to behave.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)_____________ consists of a set of norms...

Question 9

Some people may tend not to approach potential dating partners who are more attractive than they are in order to lessen the risk of rejection.

Accepted Answer

This is a common phenomenon known as the "matching hypothesis," where individuals tend to form relationships with those who have similar levels of attractiveness to themselves to avoid potential rejection.

Question 10

The research of Richard LaPiere demonstrated that there was a rather surprising discrepancy between people's ____________ and their ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The research of Richard LaPiere demonstrated that...

Question 11

The fundamental attribution error refers to people's tendency to overestimate the influence of ______________ factors and to underestimate the influence of ___________ factors when making judgements about other people's behaviours.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fundamental attribution error refers to people's...

Question 12

The matching effect refers to people's tendencies to want to have partners and spouses who are slightly more attractive than they are themselves.

Accepted Answer

The matching effect refers to the tendency for individuals to seek out and form relationships with others who are similar to themselves in physical attractiveness and other traits.

Question 13

Social comparison theory asserts that people are social creatures because it is important for us to evaluate our behaviours,feelings,and beliefs with those of other people.

Accepted Answer

Social comparison theory suggests that people engage in social comparison with others to evaluate their own behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs. This is because social comparison allows individuals to gain an understanding of how they are doing relative to others or relative to their own internal standards, and to make adjustments as needed. Therefore, social comparison plays an important role in shaping our sense of self and our interactions with others.

Question 14

Groupthink occurs when the average opinion of a group of like-minded individuals becomes more extreme after discussing an issue.

Accepted Answer

Groupthink refers to a psychological phenomenon where the desire for harmony or conformity in a group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome. It does not specifically describe the process of opinions becoming more extreme, which is more accurately referred to as polarization.

Question 15

A person is more likely to retaliate and act aggressively if she perceives another person's negative behaviour as being intended and controllable.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that people are more likely to retaliate and act aggressively if they believe that the other person's negative behavior was intentional and controllable. This is because they perceive it as a personal attack or threat, which triggers a defensive response. However, if they perceive the behavior as unintentional or uncontrollable, they are less likely to respond aggressively.

Question 16

Based on the research examining the factors that contribute to affiliation,it appears that the statement "opposites attract" is most accurate.

Accepted Answer

The research on affiliation has shown that similarity, not opposites, often lead to attraction and affiliation between individuals. Shared interests, values, and personality traits are common factors that contribute to affiliation.

Question 17

The social exchange theory of relationships asserts that the amount of self-disclosure is one of the key factors that determine how close and deep a relationship becomes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The social exchange theory of relationships asserts...

Question 18

Trustworthiness and expertise were mentioned as the two primary components of _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Trustworthiness and expertise were mentioned as the...

Question 19

Social identity theory asserts that prejudice arises in large part from people's need to enhance their self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

According to social identity theory, individuals try to maintain a positive social identity and one way to do so is by categorizing themselves and others into social groups. This can lead to the development of prejudice and discrimination towards out-group members in order to enhance the perceived status and positivity of the in-group.

Question 20

According to the text,a(n)_____________ is a generalized belief about a group or category of people and it is similar to ____________,which specifically refers to a negative attitude towards people based on their group membership.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text,a(n)_____________ is a generalized...

Quiz 13: Behaviour in a Social Context