Question 1

Which of the following contains information that cannot be brought into awareness under normal circumstances? The _______________ mind.

Accepted Answer

The unconscious mind contains information that cannot be brought into awareness under normal circumstances, whereas the conscious and preconscious minds refer to thoughts and feelings that are currently or easily accessible to awareness. Dualism, on the other hand, refers to the philosophy that the mind and body are separate entities.

Question 2

If a researcher conducted a study to examine people's subjective conscious experiences while taking drugs,they would be most likely to use which methodology?

Accepted Answer

Since the researcher is studying people's subjective conscious experiences, the most appropriate method would be to ask them to self-report their experiences while taking drugs. Physiological measures would only measure physiological changes and not subjective experiences. Behavioural measures would assess outward behaviour but not their subjective experiences. Unconscious measures would not be appropriate for studying subjective experiences.

Question 3

Both of the following measures of consciousness are considered to be "objective" measures: _______________________.

Accepted Answer

Both physiological and behavioral measures can be objectively measured and observed, unlike self-report measures which are subject to bias and subjective interpretation. Unconscious measures would not be considered measures of consciousness.

Question 4

Tanya Chartrand and her colleagues (2002)subliminally presented a group of college students with words that were either strongly negative (e.g. ,cancer,cockroach)or strongly positive (e.g. ,friends,music).Their study found that:

Accepted Answer

The study found that subliminally presented words had an effect on mood and created moods similar to the valence of the words, with negative words creating sadder moods and positive words creating positive moods.

Question 5

A large number of more recent theoretical models propose the existence of separate but integrated information-processing units within the brain that perform various tasks,such as sensation,perception,and motor behaviour.These units are called:

Accepted Answer

The question specifically refers to models proposing the existence of separate but integrated information-processing units within the brain that perform various tasks. The term commonly used to describe these units is "modules." The other answer choices (programs, procedures, and operations) do not accurately describe these specific units within the brain.

Question 6

Based on research on divided attention,there is evidence that cell phone use while driving is:

Accepted Answer

There is evidence that cell phone use while driving is dangerous, as it leads to increased distraction and decreased reaction time, increasing the risk of accidents. Even hands-free models are not completely safe, as they still require some cognitive attention that could be focused on the road.

Question 7

The suprachiasmatic nucleus,or SCN,is responsible for the regulation of:

Accepted Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is a tiny region of the brain that regulates the body's circadian rhythms, which are roughly 24-hour cycles that control sleep-wake cycles, hormone secretion, and other important physiological functions.

Question 8

Based on his behaviour,your friend appears to hold traditional beliefs about appropriate gender roles.Yet,he adamantly tells you that he really doesn't care about gender roles.It may be that your friend's beliefs about gender are held in the ___________ mind.

Accepted Answer

The unconscious mind refers to thoughts, feelings, and desires that we are not aware of but still influence our behavior. It is possible that your friend's traditional beliefs about gender roles are held in his unconscious mind and therefore he is not fully aware of them.

Question 9

Which is true of divided attention? It:

Accepted Answer

Divided attention refers to the ability to focus on multiple tasks at the same time. While it is true that there are limits to the amount of attention that can be divided, research has shown that people are able to perform some tasks simultaneously, such as typing while reading. Therefore, choice B is the best answer.

Question 10

The moment-to-moment awareness of our environment and ourselves is defined by psychologists as ____________________.

Accepted Answer

Consciousness is the term used to describe our moment-to-moment awareness of our environment and ourselves. Controlled and automatic processing refer to different types of cognitive processing, while dissociation is a psychological state characterized by a disconnection from one's thoughts, feelings, and/or surroundings.

Question 11

Looking at a map and deciding what route to take to a new destination is most relevant to the concept of _________________ processing.

Accepted Answer

Controlled processing is most relevant when looking at a map and deciding what route to take to a new destination because it involves deliberate, conscious mental efforts to process information for decision-making or problem-solving.

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of consciousness? Consciousness is:

Accepted Answer

Consciousness is self-reflective, meaning it allows us to reflect on and monitor our own mental states and experiences. The other options are incorrect.

Question 13

When a person is learning how to type,their behaviour usually involves __________ processing,but someone who can type quickly,efficiently,and accurately is probably utilizing more ____________ processing.

Accepted Answer

Learning to type requires conscious, deliberate (controlled) processing, but as proficiency increases, typing becomes more automatic, requiring less conscious thought.

Question 14

Many people are able to attend to two things at once,such as maintaining a conversation with a friend while driving.A cognitive psychologist would most likely assert that this type of divided attention is made possible by:

Accepted Answer

Divided attention while completing familiar tasks such as driving is often made possible by automatic processing, which is the ability to perform tasks with little conscious effort or attention. Controlled processing, on the other hand, would require conscious effort and attention and be more difficult to do simultaneously with another task.

Question 15

A researcher who assumes that unconscious processes are not adversarial to the conscious mind but instead serve to support and supplement our normal conscious awareness,would mostly likely identify with which of the following perspectives of the unconscious?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive perspective of the unconscious emphasizes the role of unconscious processes in supporting and supplementing conscious awareness. It does not view the unconscious as adversarial to the conscious mind, but rather as working collaboratively with it. The psychodynamic perspective, on the other hand, often emphasizes conflict between the conscious and unconscious mind, while the humanistic perspective tends to focus on the positive aspects of conscious experience. The Freudian perspective is a specific type of psychodynamic perspective that emphasizes the role of early childhood experiences and unconscious sexual and aggressive drives in shaping personality.

Question 16

In Freud's levels of consciousness model,the preconscious and the unconscious are similar in that they both:

Accepted Answer

Both the preconscious and the unconscious contain information that people are currently unaware of. The preconscious contains information that can easily be brought into consciousness, while the unconscious contains repressed thoughts, feelings, and memories that require more effort to access.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of consciousness? Consciousness is:

Accepted Answer

Consciousness is subjective, meaning it is based on personal experience and interpretation, not objective, meaning it exists independently of personal experience and interpretation.

Question 18

When your instructor asks you a question,you think you know the answer,but you need to think about it for a while.Until you find it,it is likely the answer is somewhere in the ______________ mind.

Accepted Answer

The preconscious mind contains thoughts and feelings that are not currently in conscious awareness but can be brought to consciousness when necessary. It acts as a repository for information you can recall with some effort, fitting the scenario described.

Question 19

Which of the following contains information that is outside awareness but could be recalled under certain conditions? The __________________________ mind.

Accepted Answer

The preconscious mind contains information that is outside of awareness but could be recalled under certain conditions. The conscious mind is currently aware and focused on a particular stimuli. The unconscious mind contains repressed or deeply buried memories and desires that cannot be easily accessed. Dualism is a philosophical belief in the separation of the mind and body.

Question 20

Consciousness is a collection of interacting modules and circuits and is MOST similar to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Consciousness involves different parts of the brain working together in a coordinated manner, similar to the way different voices in a choir blend together to create a harmonious sound. This is different from the other options, which involve more individual and disparate elements (waves crashing, a hiker climbing a mountain, sewing squares together).

Quiz 6: States of Consciousness