Question 1

Within a few days of birth,most infants are able to reproduce the facial expressions of an adult.This behaviour is likely the product of a simple,biologically based form of:

Accepted Answer

Infants are born with a set of reflexes that help them respond to their caretakers, including the ability to reproduce facial expressions. This behavior is likely biologically based and not learned through conditioning or social learning.

Question 2

Auditory pattern perception is _____________ in young infants,who can detect tiny changes in adult speech sounds that differentiate one word from another (called phonemes)by ___________ of age.

Accepted Answer

Auditory pattern perception is relatively advanced in young infants, allowing them to detect small changes in speech sounds (phonemes) by 1 to 2 months of age.

Question 3

The fact that human babies who are massaged show faster neurological development:

Accepted Answer

The fact that human babies who are massaged show faster neurological development indicates that human development can be significantly affected by the environment. This underscores the importance of environmental factors in shaping human development.

Question 4

At birth,the newborn's brain is far from mature and has reached only about 25 percent of its eventual adult weight.By six months of age,however,the brain reaches __________ of its adult weight.

Accepted Answer

By six months of age, the brain of the newborn has reached about 50 percent of its eventual adult weight.

Question 5

The organ that develops most dramatically during infancy and early childhood is the:

Accepted Answer

The brain undergoes significant development during infancy and early childhood, with rapid growth and formation of new neural connections. This development is crucial for cognitive, emotional, and social development. The other organs listed do not undergo as much developmental change during this time period.

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding newborns and learning is TRUE? Newborns:

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that newborns are capable of learning through classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and imitation. They can form associations between stimuli and responses, learn to repeat behaviors that produce desirable consequences, and imitate adult actions.

Question 7

Jean Piaget used the term __________ to refer to organized patterns of thought and action that guide children's interactions with the world.

Accepted Answer

According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, schema refers to organized patterns of thought and action that guide children's interactions with the world. Schemas develop through the processes of assimilation and accommodation, and are constantly evolving as children acquire new experiences and knowledge. Norms are social rules or expectations, hypotheses are educated guesses or predictions, and mental representations are internalized models or images of objects, events, or concepts.

Question 8

Within weeks,newborns display the capability to learn through _________.For example,Meltzoff and Moore (1977)found that some newborns could reproduce simple facial expressions made by their mothers or another adult model.

Accepted Answer

The example given in the statement suggests that newborns have the capability to learn through observation, as they are able to reproduce facial expressions made by their mothers or another adult model. There is no mention of classical conditioning or operant conditioning in the statement. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 9

Which one of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following statements is...

Question 10

Using the visual habituation procedure,where the same stimulus is presented repeatedly until infant looking time declines,researchers found that when a novel stimulus was presented,infants usually:

Accepted Answer

Infants typically show a preference for novel stimuli, as they are more interesting and engaging than familiar stimuli that they have already habituated to. Therefore, when a novel stimulus is presented after habituation to a familiar stimulus, infants will usually look longer at the novel stimulus.

Question 11

Laurel Trainor and colleagues at McMaster University studied music preferences in infants and found at 2 months of age:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Laurel Trainor and colleagues at McMaster University...

Question 12

Susan is a young child and she happens to know that fish swim.One day at the zoo,Susan sees a penguin swimming in a pool.Susan turns to her mother and says,"Look,the black-and-white fish is swimming!" The fact that Susan calls the penguin a fish best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

The fact that Susan calls the penguin a fish shows that she is trying to fit the penguin into her existing schema of a fish, which is the process of assimilation. Susan is not completely restructuring her schema to fit the penguin, which would be the process of accommodation. Egocentric thinking and object permanence are not relevant to this situation.

Question 13

In young infants,the 'walking reflex' refers to the behavioural process where an infant will:

Accepted Answer

The 'walking reflex' in young infants refers to the behavior where an infant will lift each leg in alternation when held upright with their feet touching a surface. This reflex disappears around 2 months of age and is not actual walking. Option A is incorrect as infants are not capable of standing or walking without support until around 12 to 18 months of age. Option B is incorrect as crawling or swimming is a different reflex called the 'crawling or swimming reflex'. Option D is also incorrect as infants do not have the ability to grasp objects with their feet and toes.

Question 14

The process by which new experiences are incorporated into existing schemas is called __________,and the process by which new experiences cause existing schemas to change is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Assimilation is the process of incorporating new experiences into existing schemas, while accommodation is the process of changing existing schemas to fit new experiences. Therefore, choice C, which correctly pairs these terms with their definitions, is the best answer.

Question 15

Research by Robert Fantz (1961)found that infants preferred:

Accepted Answer

Robert Fantz's research in 1961 demonstrated that infants showed a preference for looking at complex patterns over simpler ones, indicating early visual preferences and perceptual abilities.

Question 16

Jean Piaget proposed that children's thinking changes in a ________ manner with age,and it differs from the way that adults think.

Accepted Answer

Piaget proposed that children's thinking changes in a qualitative manner, meaning their thinking becomes more complex and sophisticated with age. He believed that this development occurs through distinct stages, rather than being a continuous process. Additionally, Piaget's theory posits that children's thinking differs from that of adults in significant ways, notably in terms of their ability to reason abstractly and think hypothetically.

Question 17

The genetically programmed biological process that governs human growth is called:

Accepted Answer

Maturation refers to the genetically determined process of growth and development that unfolds over time. It involves a sequence of changes and transformations that are governed by biological processes, such as cellular differentiation, neural maturation, and hormonal changes. Maturation is a complex and multifaceted process that encompasses many different aspects of human development, including physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development.

Question 18

Maurer and Lewis (2001)summarized the results of their long-term longitudinal study of infants born with congenital cataracts (opaque lens preventing pattern vision)in one or both eyes who therefore suffered some visual deprivation and were then treated.The most devastating impact on later visual processing appears to occur following even short periods of visual deprivation in the first year of life,but the sensitive/critical period for visual deprivation effects extends until about ____________,after that cataracts produce no permanent deficits when vision is restored.

Accepted Answer

Maurer and Lewis (2001) found that the sensitive/critical period for visual deprivation effects extends until about 10 years of age, after which cataracts produce no permanent deficits when vision is restored. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 19

The term "proximodistal" is most consistent with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Proximodistal refers to the development pattern where growth begins from the center or core of the body and proceeds towards the outer areas. In other words, innermost parts develop before outermost parts. Therefore, the correct sequence is innermost then outermost, which is consistent with choice B - the innermost parts of the body develop before the outermost parts.

Question 20

The fact that a baby will suck on a finger that is placed in her mouth best illustrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

This behavior is an innate reflex, known as the sucking reflex, which is present from birth and facilitates a baby's ability to obtain nourishment from a nipple or bottle. It is not learned through conditioning or modeling.

Quiz 12: Development Over the Lifespan

Within a few days of birth,most infants are able to reproduce the facial expressions of an adult.This behaviour is likely the product of a simple,biologically based form of:

Auditory pattern perception is ___ in young infants,who can detect tiny changes in adult speech sounds that differentiate one word from another (called phonemes) by _ of age.

The fact that human babies who are massaged show faster neurological development:

At birth,the newborn's brain is far from mature and has reached only about 25 percent of its eventual adult weight.By six months of age,however,the brain reaches __________ of its adult weight.

The organ that develops most dramatically during infancy and early childhood is the:

Which of the following statements regarding newborns and learning is TRUE? Newborns:

Jean Piaget used the term __________ to refer to organized patterns of thought and action that guide children's interactions with the world.

Within weeks,newborns display the capability to learn through _________.For example,Meltzoff and Moore (1977) found that some newborns could reproduce simple facial expressions made by their mothers or another adult model.

Which one of the following statements is NOT true?

Using the visual habituation procedure,where the same stimulus is presented repeatedly until infant looking time declines,researchers found that when a novel stimulus was presented,infants usually:

Laurel Trainor and colleagues at McMaster University studied music preferences in infants and found at 2 months of age:

Susan is a young child and she happens to know that fish swim.One day at the zoo,Susan sees a penguin swimming in a pool.Susan turns to her mother and says,"Look,the black-and-white fish is swimming!" The fact that Susan calls the penguin a fish best illustrates:

In young infants,the 'walking reflex' refers to the behavioural process where an infant will:

The process by which new experiences are incorporated into existing schemas is called ,and the process by which new experiences cause existing schemas to change is called .

Research by Robert Fantz (1961) found that infants preferred:

Jean Piaget proposed that children's thinking changes in a ________ manner with age,and it differs from the way that adults think.

The genetically programmed biological process that governs human growth is called:

The term "proximodistal" is most consistent with which of the following?

The fact that a baby will suck on a finger that is placed in her mouth best illustrates which of the following?

Quiz 12: Development Over the Lifespan

Within a few days of birth,most infants are able to reproduce the facial expressions of an adult.This behaviour is likely the product of a simple,biologically based form of:

Auditory pattern perception is _____________ in young infants,who can detect tiny changes in adult speech sounds that differentiate one word from another (called phonemes) by ___________ of age.

The fact that human babies who are massaged show faster neurological development:

At birth,the newborn's brain is far from mature and has reached only about 25 percent of its eventual adult weight.By six months of age,however,the brain reaches __________ of its adult weight.

The organ that develops most dramatically during infancy and early childhood is the:

Which of the following statements regarding newborns and learning is TRUE? Newborns:

Jean Piaget used the term __________ to refer to organized patterns of thought and action that guide children's interactions with the world.

Within weeks,newborns display the capability to learn through _________.For example,Meltzoff and Moore (1977) found that some newborns could reproduce simple facial expressions made by their mothers or another adult model.

Which one of the following statements is NOT true?

Using the visual habituation procedure,where the same stimulus is presented repeatedly until infant looking time declines,researchers found that when a novel stimulus was presented,infants usually:

Laurel Trainor and colleagues at McMaster University studied music preferences in infants and found at 2 months of age:

Susan is a young child and she happens to know that fish swim.One day at the zoo,Susan sees a penguin swimming in a pool.Susan turns to her mother and says,"Look,the black-and-white fish is swimming!" The fact that Susan calls the penguin a fish best illustrates:

In young infants,the 'walking reflex' refers to the behavioural process where an infant will:

The process by which new experiences are incorporated into existing schemas is called __________,and the process by which new experiences cause existing schemas to change is called __________.

Research by Robert Fantz (1961) found that infants preferred:

Jean Piaget proposed that children's thinking changes in a ________ manner with age,and it differs from the way that adults think.

The genetically programmed biological process that governs human growth is called:

The term "proximodistal" is most consistent with which of the following?

The fact that a baby will suck on a finger that is placed in her mouth best illustrates which of the following?

Auditory pattern perception is ___ in young infants,who can detect tiny changes in adult speech sounds that differentiate one word from another (called phonemes) by _ of age.

The process by which new experiences are incorporated into existing schemas is called ,and the process by which new experiences cause existing schemas to change is called .