Question 1

Lisa has recently been diagnosed with major depression.Her doctor prescribes medication because he believes that her levels of neurotransmitters are too low.Her doctor seems to be using the _____________ level of analysis in explaining her depression.

Accepted Answer

The doctor's focus on neurotransmitter levels suggests a biological approach, examining the underlying physical causes of Lisa's depression.

Question 2

A clinical psychologist would do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychologists specialize in diagnosing and treating emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression, and other psychological problems. They work directly with clients to provide therapy and other interventions to improve mental health. Studying all aspects of social behavior is the scope of social psychologists. Consulting with clients concerning personal adjustment is the scope of counseling psychologists. Examining behavior in work settings is the scope of industrial-organizational psychologists.

Question 3

A social psychologist would do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A social psychologist focuses on studying and understanding all aspects of social behavior, including how individuals think, feel, and behave in social situations. They do not typically engage in diagnosis or treatment of emotional disorders, nor do they examine biological foundations of behavior to the extent of neurobiologists or other biologically-focused scientists. While measurement and analysis are important components of research in social psychology, they are not exclusive to the field and may also be utilized in other areas of psychology or social science research.

Question 4

A personality psychologist would do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A personality psychologist would study individual differences in psychological phenomena, such as differences in personality traits, behavior patterns, and emotional responses. They may conduct research to better understand these differences and their underlying causes, and use this knowledge to inform interventions or recommendations for individuals seeking personal growth or change. However, diagnosis and treatment of emotional disorders would be the role of a clinical psychologist or therapist, while consulting with clients concerning personal adjustment may be done by various types of counselors or coaches.

Question 5

Two people experience a violent earthquake.One person is mildly fazed by this event and copes well with it.The other person,who has a biological predisposition to anxiety,becomes very stressed after the event,has difficulty coping with it,and eventually gets ill.Because the effect of the earthquake differed,depending on whether the person had the predisposition of anxiety or not,this would be an example of:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of an interaction, as the effect of the earthquake varied depending on both the event itself and the individual's biological predisposition to anxiety. It is not introspection, as this refers to looking inward at one's own thoughts and feelings. It is not insight, as this refers to a sudden understanding or realization of something. While the biological level of analysis may be relevant, it is not the best choice as it does not fully capture the interaction between the event and the individual's predisposition.

Question 6

A person associated with the behavioural perspective would be most likely to mention the role of which of the following when attempting to explain the causes of depression?

Accepted Answer

The behavioural perspective emphasizes the importance of the environment in shaping behaviour and experiences. Therefore, a person associated with this perspective is likely to mention non-rewarding or aversive environments as a possible cause of depression. Negative or pessimistic patterns of thinking and depressive personalities are more likely to be mentioned by a cognitive or psychodynamic perspective, while chemical imbalances in neurotransmitters are typically associated with a medical or biological perspective.

Question 7

Bill is hoping to have a career in which he helps people with their adjustment problems and career plans.He should most likely train to be a ____________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Counselling psychologists are trained to help individuals with various adjustment problems and career plans through talk therapy and other interventions. Clinical psychologists focus more on diagnosing and treating mental health disorders, while social psychologists study group behavior and personality psychologists focus on personality traits and development.

Question 8

A counselling psychologist would do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Counselling psychologists primarily focus on helping clients with personal adjustment and life challenges, rather than diagnosing and treating severe emotional disorders or conducting research on learning, memory, or social behavior.

Question 9

Factors that influence behaviour are organized into three levels of analysis.The level that focuses on mental processes and psychological motives,and how they influence behaviour,is called the ___________ level.

Accepted Answer

The psychological level of analysis focuses on mental processes, such as perception, thinking, memory, and emotions, and how they influence behaviour. It also examines psychological motives, such as desire for achievement or affiliation, and how they affect behaviour. The biological level of analysis focuses on how biological processes and structures, such as genes, neurons, and hormones, influence behaviour. The environmental level of analysis focuses on how social and physical environments influence behaviour. The sociocultural level of analysis focuses on how cultural and social factors shape behaviour.

Question 10

Which of the following factors associated with depression would NOT be classified at the biological level of analysis?

Accepted Answer

Negative self-perception and world view is associated with the psychological level of analysis, rather than the biological level of analysis which primarily focuses on physiological processes and the brain.

Question 11

A researcher who focuses on the negative thinking that often accompanies depression would be interpreting depression from which level of analysis?

Accepted Answer

The researcher is focusing on the psychological level of analysis, specifically cognitive processes associated with depression.

Question 12

What three levels of analysis allow us to integrate causal factors suggested by each of the six psychological perspectives?

Accepted Answer

The three levels of analysis that allow us to integrate causal factors suggested by each of the six psychological perspectives are Biological, Psychological, and Environmental. This includes the biological factors suggested by the neuroscience perspective, the psychological factors suggested by the psychodynamic, behavioural, humanistic, and cognitive perspectives, and the environmental factors suggested by the sociocultural perspective. Therefore, choice B, which includes biological, psychological, and environmental, is the best choice.

Question 13

An industrial psychologist would do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

An industrial psychologist is focused on examining behaviour in work settings, such as analyzing employee behavior, developing and implementing training programs, and improving productivity and workplace culture. They do not diagnose or treat emotional disorders like a clinical psychologist, nor do they study all aspects of social behavior or solely focus on data analysis.

Question 14

Janice is interested in pursuing a career in which she diagnoses and treats emotional disorders.She should most likely train to be a _____________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychologists specialize in diagnosing and treating emotional disorders. Counseling psychologists may also work with emotional issues, but they often focus more on helping clients cope with everyday challenges and personal growth. Social psychologists study how people interact in society, and personality psychologists focus on understanding individual differences in behavior and thought patterns.

Question 15

Phil is really interested in applying his knowledge about psychology to his parents' business.He should probably train to be a(n)_____________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Industrial psychologists apply principles of psychology to the workplace, including issues related to employee performance, productivity, and organizational structure. Phil's interest in applying psychology to his parents' business suggests that he is interested in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization, making industrial psychology the best choice for him. Educational psychologists focus on learning and schooling, counselling psychologists work with individuals to address mental health issues, and social psychologists study how people interact with each other and the larger social system, none of which directly apply to Phil's interest in his parents' business.

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding psychologists and psychiatrists is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Psychologists typically earn a doctoral degree in psychology through graduate school, while psychiatrists attend medical school and earn a medical degree before completing additional training in psychiatry.

Question 17

A developmental psychologist would do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychologists study psychological phenomena across the life span, from infancy to old age. They focus on changes in cognitive abilities, social skills, emotional development, and other aspects of human functioning as people age. Diagnosing and treating emotional disorders would be the work of a clinical psychologist, measurement and analysis would be the work of a research psychologist, and examining biological foundations of behaviour would be the work of a biological psychologist.

Question 18

Dr.Shoda studies fundamental psychological processes such as learning and memory and much of her work is conducted in laboratory settings.Dr.Shoda most likely belongs to which specialty area of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Shoda's focus on fundamental psychological processes and conducting laboratory studies suggests that she belongs to the experimental specialty area of psychology.

Question 19

In order to have a full and complete understanding of behaviour,we need to be able to:

Accepted Answer

In order to have a complete understanding of behavior, we need to be able to move back and forth between the different levels of analysis (biological, psychological, and environmental) to consider how they interact and contribute to behavior. Focusing only on one level of analysis would not provide a comprehensive understanding of behavior.

Question 20

A researcher who is concerned specifically with the management and analysis of data and the development of mathematical models of behaviour would most likely be in which specialty area of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A researcher who is concerned specifically with the management and analysis of data and the development of mathematical models of behaviour would most likely be in the specialty area of quantitative psychology.

Quiz 1: Psychology: the Science of Behaviour