Question 1

Classical psychoanalysis most clearly involves

Accepted Answer

Classical psychoanalysis involves interpreting the meaning behind a patient's resistance to therapeutic procedures. This helps to identify underlying conflicts and unresolved issues that are causing maladaptive behaviors or symptoms. Encouraging observation of consequences may be a component of behavior therapy, minimizing anxiety is not a goal of psychoanalysis, and discouraging medication use is not necessarily a part of the approach.

Question 2

An approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy is said to be

Accepted Answer

An eclectic approach to psychotherapy involves incorporating techniques and strategies from various forms of therapy, rather than strictly adhering to one specific approach. This allows the therapist to tailor their approach to the unique needs and circumstances of each individual client. The other options, client-centered, humanistic, and psychodynamic, describe specific approaches to therapy rather than an eclectic approach.

Question 3

Nancy's therapist encourages her to think about her strengths rather than her weaknesses and to develop a habit of thanking others when they compliment her or provide emotional support.The therapist's approach best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The therapist's approach of encouraging Nancy to focus on her strengths and develop a habit of gratitude aligns with the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT emphasizes the importance of changing negative thought patterns and behaviors, and promoting positive coping strategies. In this case, the therapist is helping Nancy to challenge negative self-talk and focus on positive self-affirmations through the use of gratitude.

Question 4

Systematic desensitization is a form of

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a form of exposure therapy, which involves gradually exposing the client to the feared stimulus in a controlled and safe environment, in order to reduce the fear response over time. Aversion conditioning involves associating a negative reaction with a specific behavior or object in order to discourage it. Operant conditioning involves manipulating consequences in order to increase or decrease the occurrence of a behavior. Cognitive-behavioral therapy involves identifying and modifying negative thought patterns in order to change behaviors and emotions.

Question 5

The personal strength that enables people to cope with stress and recover from adversity is called

Accepted Answer

Resilience is the personal strength that enables individuals to cope with stress and recover from adversity. It involves being able to adapt to changing situations and bounce back from difficult experiences. Individualism refers to the prioritization of individual rights and freedoms over collective values, and is not related to coping with stress. Transference is a psychological concept that involves projecting feelings and attitudes from one person onto another. Long-term potentiation is a process in which connections between neurons in the brain become stronger, but does not directly relate to coping with stress. Therefore, the most appropriate answer is A) resilience.

Question 6

In a home for troubled youth,adolescents receive large colored buttons when they hang up their clothes,make their beds,and come to meals on time.The adolescents return the buttons to staff members to receive bedtime snacks or watch TV.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes a token economy, where desirable behaviors (hanging up clothes, making bed, coming to meals on time) are reinforced with tokens (large colored buttons) that can later be exchanged for rewards (bedtime snacks, TV time). This is a common behavioral intervention used in settings such as schools and psychiatric hospitals to promote positive behavior change.

Question 7

While focusing on several intrusive thoughts that had been bothering her recently,Jenny was instructed by her therapist to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts.Jenny's therapist was making use of a technique known as

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using a technique called free association, which involves reporting any ideas or memories that come to mind in response to the intrusive thoughts. This technique is commonly used in psychoanalysis to help uncover unconscious thoughts and emotions. Active listening involves listening to and validating a person's experiences and feelings, but it does not involve the specific task of reporting any ideas or memories that come to mind. Systematic desensitization is a technique used to treat phobias by gradually exposing a person to feared stimuli in a controlled manner. Transference refers to the feelings and attitudes that a person may have towards their therapist that are based on unresolved feelings from past relationships.

Question 8

Cognitive therapy is most likely to

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapy emphasizes the importance of identifying and changing negative thought patterns and interpretations of life events that are causing emotional distress or behavioral problems. It seeks to help clients develop more balanced and accurate ways of thinking about themselves, others, and the world around them. Unlike choice A, cognitive therapy does not focus on clients' feelings about their therapist, nor does it rely on personality tests as in choice B. It also does not involve systematically associating clients' behaviors with unpleasant experiences as in choice D.

Question 9

A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks.The therapist's approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The therapist using exposure therapy to help Rebecca overcome her fear of water by gradually exposing her to the feared stimulus (water) until she becomes desensitized to it. The repeated exposure and gradual increase in the level of exposure is a hallmark of this approach. Dialectical behavior therapy and client-centered therapy typically do not involve exposure therapy, and aversive conditioning involves pairing an unpleasant stimulus with an undesirable behavior, which is not the case in this scenario.

Question 10

The LEAST-used biomedical intervention for changing thoughts and behavior is

Accepted Answer

Psychosurgery is the least-used biomedical intervention for changing thoughts and behavior because it involves making permanent structural changes to the brain through surgical procedures, which poses significant risks and ethical concerns. It is only used as a last resort for severe and treatment-resistant cases of mental illness. rTMS, electroconvulsive therapy, and drug therapy are all more commonly used interventions.

Question 11

________ therapy is a therapeutic approach derived from the psychoanalytic tradition,which views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences and which seeks to enhance self-insight.

Accepted Answer

The description given matches the key concepts of psychodynamic therapy, which focuses on exploring unconscious processes and early childhood experiences that may shape a person's behavior and thoughts. This approach also aims to increase self-awareness and insight into one's beliefs and emotions.

Question 12

Positive psychological changes that result from struggling with extremely challenging life crises demonstrate

Accepted Answer

The term "posttraumatic growth" refers to positive psychological changes that can result from struggling with extremely challenging life crises, such as improved relationships, personal strength, and spiritual growth.

Question 13

Identifying and eliminating the socially stressful conditions that contribute to psychological disorders is of central interest to the advocates of

Accepted Answer

Preventive mental health focuses on identifying and addressing the factors that contribute to the development of psychological disorders, including social stressors. The other options (exposure therapy, biomedical therapies, cognitive therapy) are all treatment approaches for existing psychological disorders rather than preventive measures.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of group therapy?

Accepted Answer

The statement "Research has demonstrated that group therapy is more effective than individual therapy" is not necessarily true. While some studies have found group therapy to be helpful for certain individuals and conditions, others have found that individual therapy may be more effective for some clients. Additionally, the effectiveness of therapy depends on many factors, including the specific type of therapy being used and the individual needs and preferences of the client.

Question 15

Bolstering parents' and teachers' skills at nurturing children's achievements and resulting self-esteem best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Preventive mental health focuses on promoting well-being and preventing mental health problems before they occur. Bolstering parents' and teachers' skills at nurturing children's achievements and resulting self-esteem can be considered a form of preventive mental health. This approach aims to promote positive mental health outcomes by strengthening protective factors such as social support and coping skills.

Question 16

Dr.Judd is convinced that psychological disorders result largely from stressful social situations rather than from disturbances within the individual personality.Dr.Judd's belief is most consistent with the assumptions that underlie the work of

Accepted Answer

Dr. Judd's belief reflects the assumptions of community psychologists, who focus on the social and cultural factors that contribute to psychological disorders rather than examining individual personality traits or internal processes.

Question 17

Most combat-stressed veterans do not later exhibit posttraumatic stress disorder.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Resilience refers to an individual's ability to adapt and cope effectively in the face of adversity or trauma. The fact that most combat-stressed veterans do not later exhibit PTSD suggests that they may be demonstrating resilience, rather than resistance or withdrawal. Tardive dyskinesia is not relevant to this topic.

Question 18

After surviving the loss of family members to the horrors of war,Jacinda developed an enlarged capacity to empathize with those who suffer and to care for those in need.Her response to stressful life circumstances best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Posttraumatic growth refers to the positive psychological changes that can occur following exposure to highly stressful life events, such as war or significant loss. This growth can result in an increased capacity for empathy and care for others, as well as other positive changes in attitudes and behaviors. Long-term potentiation refers to the strengthening of neural connections following repeated stimulation, tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder associated with long-term use of certain medications, and transference refers to the unconscious transfer of feelings or attitudes from one person to another. None of these concepts adequately capture Jacinda's response to her life experiences.

Question 19

Sheldon's therapist uses free association,resistances,dream analysis,and transference in an effort to get Sheldon to gain insight into the unconscious causes of his depression.Sheldon's therapist is applying

Accepted Answer

Free association, resistance, dream analysis, and transference are all techniques used in traditional psychoanalysis. Person-centered therapy, cognitive therapy, and behavior therapy do not typically use these specific techniques.

Question 20

Who emphasized the importance of active listening in the process of psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers emphasized the importance of active listening in the process of psychotherapy. He believed that therapists needed to be present and fully engaged in the moment in order to truly understand and help their clients. He developed the concept of "unconditional positive regard," which involves showing empathy, warmth, and acceptance towards clients without judgment or criticism. Active listening is a key component of this approach.

Quiz 14: Therapy