Question 1

In an experiment at a daycare centre,a young man read a story to preschoolers and gave them a treat.A week later,an experimenter asked the children in Group 1 leading questions about aggressive acts that never occurred (Did he throw a crayon at a child?).She asked the children in Group 2 leading questions but also used influence techniques.The results showed that:

Accepted Answer

The results showed that three-year-olds in Group 2 said "Yes" to over 80% of the allegations suggested to them, indicating that the influence techniques used by the experimenter were successful in getting the children to make false claims about the young man's behavior. The fact that Group 1 said "No, it didn't happen" to all the allegations also shows that the leading questions alone were not enough to influence the children's responses. The response of six-year-olds in Group 2 saying "Yes, it happened" to only 15% of the allegations suggested to them is not significant enough to show that the influence techniques were successful with this age group.

Question 2

Under most circumstances,when you are intentionally trying to remember an item of information,________ is an easier task than ________.

Accepted Answer

When intentionally trying to remember an item of information, recognition is easier than recall because recognition only requires familiarizing oneself with the options and choosing the correct one, while recall requires retrieving the information without any external cues.

Question 3

With respect to children's testimony,researchers Stephen Ceci and Maggie Bruck suggest that the best question is:

Accepted Answer

This question acknowledges that children can be influenced by suggestion, which is an important factor to consider when evaluating their testimony. It allows for a more nuanced understanding of how children's memory and perception may be affected by external factors. The other answer choices are too simplistic and do not reflect the complexity of the topic.

Question 4

Conscious,intentional recollection of an event or of an item of information is called:

Accepted Answer

Conscious, intentional recollection refers to explicit memory, which involves the deliberate recall of information, facts, and events.

Question 5

Which of the following require recall?

Accepted Answer

Finding your way to a friend's house after only having been there once before requires recall of the route taken previously. The other options do not necessarily require recall, as multiple-choice exams and true-false exams test recognition and the grocery store scenario can involve decision-making and problem-solving rather than recall.

Question 6

Which of the following would NOT require recall?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would NOT require...

Question 7

Unconscious retention in memory,as evidenced by the effect of a previous experience or previously encountered information on current thoughts and actions,is called:

Accepted Answer

Unconscious retention in memory is referred to as implicit memory. This kind of memory is responsible for the influence of past experiences and learning on current thoughts and actions, without conscious awareness or intention to remember. Declarative memory, on the other hand, is a conscious form of memory that deals with the recall of facts and events, whereas procedural memory relates to the recall of skills and habits. Explicit memory is a broader term that encompasses both declarative and procedural memory.

Question 8

Jannell solved a crossword puzzle on Thursday,and by Saturday she doesn't recall the words in the puzzle.But Saturday night,when she is playing Scrabble with her brother,she unconsciously tends to form words that were in the puzzle.Jannell has ________ memory for some of the words.

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory refers to the type of memory that is not consciously recalled but still influences behavior or thought. In this case, Jannell is forming words that were in the crossword puzzle without consciously recalling them, indicating an implicit memory for those words. Recognition memory (choice A) refers to the ability to recognize previously encountered stimuli, explicit memory (choice C) refers to consciously recalling past events or facts, and flashbulb memory (choice D) refers to a highly emotional and vivid memory of a specific event. None of these options fit the scenario described in the question.

Question 9

You hear a song that you know on the radio.If asked to give the name of the song and the artist's name,you are answering a ________ question.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You hear a song that you know...

Question 10

Suppose you are a participant in memory research.You are given a list of words to read,including the word "giraffe." Later,when given the word stem "gir--" you are most likely to complete the word as ________,due to the effect of ________.

Accepted Answer

The presentation of the word "giraffe" on the list would prime the participant's memory for that word. This would make it more likely that the participant would complete the word stem "gir--" with "giraffe" rather than "girl" or any other word starting with "gir-". Confabulation and reconstruction refer to memory errors and are not applicable to this scenario.

Question 11

The multiple-choice test that you are taking now requires that you ________ the relevant information.The essay test that you will take in a different class places more emphasis on your ability to ________ the relevant information.

Accepted Answer

The multiple-choice test typically requires recognition of the correct answer from a set of options, hence recognizing the relevant information is important. On the other hand, essay tests require recalling the relevant information from memory and presenting it in a written format, hence the emphasis is on recalling the information.

Question 12

Research suggests that the best way to encourage truthful testimony by children is to:

Accepted Answer

Asking leading questions can inadvertently suggest to a child what the "right" answer is or influence their memory of the event. It is important to ask open-ended questions and allow children to provide their own details without being prompted. Scolding children can make them feel pressured to lie or feel intimidated, while rewarding them for telling the truth can make them believe that honesty is valued. Reassuring them about their friend's experiences may not be effective as every child's experience is unique.

Question 13

In addressing the debate regarding children's memories of sexual abuse,it has become clear that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In addressing the debate regarding children's memories...

Question 14

To ensure that the memory of a child is accurate,it is important to:

Accepted Answer

Avoiding the use of leading questions or suggestions is the most important way to ensure that a child's memory is accurate. Leading questions can sway a child's memory and make them remember things that didn't actually happen. The other options, such as reassuring the child, asking them to draw a picture or rewarding them, may not necessarily improve the accuracy of their memory.

Question 15

The influential studies of eyewitness memory that were carried out by Elizabeth Loftus and her colleagues led to the general conclusion that eyewitnesses' memories are:

Accepted Answer

Loftus and her colleagues found that eyewitness memories can be easily distorted by misleading information, such as leading questions or subtle changes in the wording of a question. This suggests that eyewitness memories are vulnerable to manipulation and not always reliable.

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding the measurement of memory is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements regarding the...

Question 17

The question that you are reading at this moment is a ________ question.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The question that you are reading at...

Question 18

In ________ memory,information becomes available without any conscious effort; in ________ memory,one makes a conscious effort to recover the information.

Accepted Answer

In implicit memory, information is retrieved without conscious effort or awareness, while explicit memory involves conscious effort and awareness. Semantic and episodic memory are specific types of explicit memory. Therefore, the most appropriate answer is C.

Question 19

Which of the following ways of measuring explicit memory usually produces the best results?

Accepted Answer

Recognition usually produces better results than recall or relearning, as it involves identifying previously learned information among a list of options. Referral is not a way of measuring memory.

Question 20

In a study by Elizabeth Loftus and John Palmer (1974)on eyewitness memory,participants were shown a film of an automobile accident.They found that the participants' memories of the event were influenced by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a study by Elizabeth Loftus and...

Quiz 10: Memory

Under most circumstances,when you are intentionally trying to remember an item of information, is an easier task than .