Question 1

What is NOT one of the important functions of all cultural worldviews specified by terror management theory?

Accepted Answer

One of the important functions of cultural worldviews specified by terror management theory is to offer people a way to deny or mitigate the fear of death, but they do not typically assert that death is an illusion. The other options all reflect important functions of cultural worldviews according to this theory.

Question 2

Studies indicate that as cultures undergo modernization, they tend to more strongly emphasize values of _____ and to de-emphasize values of _____.

Accepted Answer

Modernization often leads cultures to prioritize values like self-direction and universalism, which emphasize individual autonomy and global understanding, while de-emphasizing tradition and status, which are more about maintaining established norms and hierarchies.

Question 3

Which of the following statements BEST summarizes terror management theory?

Accepted Answer

Terror management theory proposes that humans are uniquely aware of their mortality, and this awareness creates anxiety that must be managed to function. One way to manage this anxiety is to believe in and contribute to systems of meaning and value, which helps individuals feel that their existence has significance and that they can transcend their own mortality.

Question 4

In a study among Hong Kong participants, those who were first shown typically Western symbols were subsequently more likely to explain the behavior of an isolated fish in an image as caused by that fish itself. Those who were first shown typically Eastern symbols were subsequently more likely to explain the behavior of the fish in the image:

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is related to cultural differences in attribution styles. Western cultures tend to favor dispositional attributions (focusing on the individual's traits or actions), while Eastern cultures are more inclined towards situational attributions (considering the context or environment influencing behavior). Thus, exposure to Western symbols primed participants for a dispositional attribution, while Eastern symbols primed them for a situational attribution.

Question 5

While a melting-pot view of culture tends to encourage _____, a multicultural view tends to encourage _____.

Accepted Answer

The melting-pot view of culture promotes assimilation, where different cultures are encouraged to blend into a single, homogeneous society. In contrast, a multicultural view promotes integration, where diverse cultures are maintained and appreciated within a society, allowing for cultural diversity.

Question 6

Which of the following beliefs was NOT described as a form of symbolic immortality by Robert Jay Lifton?

Accepted Answer

Robert Jay Lifton described biosocial, creative, and experiential immortality as forms of symbolic immortality, but not heavenly immortality.

Question 7

Jasmine is walking down the street and sees a homeless man shivering on the corner. As she moves on, she decides that the man must be fundamentally immoral and lazy, and that's why he's homeless. Jasmine's interpretation is evidence that she:

Accepted Answer

Jasmine's belief that the homeless man must be fundamentally immoral and lazy reflects a belief in a just world, where individuals get what they deserve based on their actions. This worldview assumes that the world is fair and just, which may lead people to blame others for their misfortunes and attribute success to personal qualities rather than opportunities or luck.

Question 8

A cultural trauma is:

Accepted Answer

A cultural trauma is a disruption that causes members of a culture to lose the sense of meaning and security formerly provided by that culture. This can include forced migration, colonization, or other traumatic events that cause a deep and long-lasting impact on the cultural identity of a group of people. It is not a mental disorder found only within a particular culture, nor is it simply the experience of socialization into a culture or a temporary travel experience.

Question 9

Research shows that in China the emotion of _____ tends to be valued, whereas in the United States the emotion of _____ tends to be valued.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research shows that in China the emotion...

Question 10

Jocelyn is a stranger traveling in a foreign country. She looks, speaks, and behaves differently from the majority of the local people in this country. However, everywhere she goes, everyone is very friendly and informal with her, and acts as if she isn't any different from the other people around them. The way she is treated by the locals suggests that Jocelyn is in a(n):

Accepted Answer

In an individualistic country, people tend to treat others as individuals rather than as members of a group, which may explain why Jocelyn is treated informally and friendly despite her differences.

Question 11

The fact that one function of culture is to adapt people to the metaphysical environment suggests that cultures:

Accepted Answer

Culture is a way for humans to make sense of the world around them and adapt to their environment. However, this also suggests that cultures may distort reality in some way in order to fit their needs or beliefs.

Question 12

If a person is presented with the words panda, monkey, and banana, and asked which words go together, a person who thinks more analytically will say:

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a person is presented with the...

Question 13

According to terror management theory, a person's _____ provides standards for being a valuable contributor to the universe, while a person's _____ is their sense that they are meeting those standards.

Accepted Answer

Terror management theory posits that a person's cultural worldview provides standards for being a valuable contributor to the universe, while the person's self-esteem is their sense that they are meeting those standards.

Question 14

Haci was originally born in Turkey, but he has traveled quite a bit throughout his lifetime, never staying in one place for more than five years. Research suggests that Haci is most likely to think of himself:

Accepted Answer

Haci's frequent travel and lack of staying in one place for more than five years suggests a pattern of independence and adaptability. Therefore, he is most likely to think of himself as an independent person.

Question 15

Zola is a Christian. Walking to the art museum one day she sees an anti-Christian protest that has been organized by a group of angry atheists. Research inspired by terror management theory suggests that while at the art museum:

Accepted Answer

According to terror management theory, when individuals are reminded of their mortality, they may be more likely to see death-related images even if they are not obvious. Therefore, it is possible that Zola may be more likely to see death-related images in the art at the museum due to the anti-Christian protest reminding her of her mortality. Option A is not a logical outcome based on the given context, as there is no indication that the protest will cause Zola to feel uncertain about her future. Option C is an extreme and unlikely outcome based on the given context. Option D is not a logical outcome based on the given context, as there is no indication that the protest will lead Zola to want to become an artist.

Question 16

Research on worldview defense shows that U.S. participants reminded of their own death are more _____ towards essays praising the United States and more _____ towards essays criticizing the United States.

Accepted Answer

Research on worldview defense indicates that when U.S. participants are reminded of their mortality, they tend to react more positively towards essays that praise the United States and more negatively towards essays that criticize it, as a way to defend their cultural worldview.

Question 17

How might a researcher determine whether a particular cultural belief serves as a buffer against mortality concerns?

Accepted Answer

The most direct way to determine if a particular cultural belief serves as a buffer against mortality concerns is to manipulate the extent to which people think about death and measure the extent to which they express support for that cultural belief. By randomly assigning some people to think about death and others not to, we can determine if the belief serves as a buffer by measuring changes in perceived support for that belief between the two groups. This approach helps control for other variables that may affect the relationship between the belief and mortality concerns.

Question 18

Achmed continues to work long hours every week in his psychology lab because he believes he will someday be remembered for his contributions to the field. According to terror management theory, Achmed is pursuing:

Accepted Answer

According to terror management theory, symbolic immortality refers to the idea that individuals seek to leave a lasting legacy or contribution to society in order to feel that they will be remembered after they die. Achmed's motivation to work long hours and make contributions to the field of psychology aligns with the pursuit of symbolic immortality.

Question 19

_____ involves internalizing aspects of a new culture while retaining aspects of one's former culture; _____ involves almost completely embracing a new culture and leaving one's former culture behind.

Accepted Answer

Integration involves internalizing aspects of a new culture while retaining aspects of one's former culture, while assimilation involves almost completely embracing a new culture and leaving one's former culture behind. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 20

Research suggests that people from an individualistic (compared to a collectivistic) culture are relatively:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research suggests that people from an individualistic...

Quiz 2: Fundamentals of Social Behavior

What is NOT one of the important functions of all cultural worldviews specified by terror management theory?

Studies indicate that as cultures undergo modernization, they tend to more strongly emphasize values of _ and to de-emphasize values of _.

Which of the following statements BEST summarizes terror management theory?

While a melting-pot view of culture tends to encourage _, a multicultural view tends to encourage _.