Question 1

When you know that a measure is nominal,you know that the numerical values are simply placeholders for the text names.​

Accepted Answer

Nominal measures do not have any inherent numerical value or order, therefore the numerical values assigned to each category are purely for labeling purposes.

Question 2

Leslie is studying test anxiety and administers a test to his research participants that asks them to rate their anxiety in various situations on a scale of 0 (no anxiety)to 10 (the worst anxiety imaginable).He then uses the scores to divide his participants into high,medium,and low anxiety groups.Leslie's "high-medium-low" scale is best described as an example of a(n)____ scale.​
A) ​nominal
B) ​ordinal
C) ​interval
D) ​ratio

Accepted Answer

Leslie's scale assigns a rank order (high, medium, and low) to the participants based on their scores. This is an example of an ordinal scale, where the numbers have a meaningful order but the intervals between them are not necessarily equal.

Question 3

In what level of measurement can the attributes be ranked?​
A) ​nominal
B) ​ordinal
C) ​interval
D) ​ratio

Accepted Answer

In ordinal level of measurement, attributes can be ranked in a specific order or sequence. This means that we can determine which attribute is higher or lower than the other, but we cannot measure the exact differences between them. For example, we can rank students according to their academic performance as first, second, and third, but we cannot quantify the exact differences in their grades.

Question 4

Levels of measurement are important because they determine what type of analysis can be used.​

Accepted Answer

Levels of measurement dictate what statistical operations are appropriate for analyzing data. Different levels of measurement include nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio, and each level has its own set of appropriate statistical tests and visualization techniques. Therefore, understanding the level of measurement of a variable is crucial for selecting the appropriate analysis method.

Question 5

When an individual participating in a study tries to guess what the experimenter's hypothesis is,there is a social threat to construct validity.​

Accepted Answer

When participants try to guess the experimenter's hypothesis, it can lead to demand characteristics or social desirability bias, which can threaten the construct validity of the study.

Question 6

Random error can drastically affect the average performance for a group.​

Accepted Answer

Random error tends to cancel itself out over a large number of observations, thus it usually does not drastically affect the average performance for a group.

Question 7

Cronbach's Alpha is mathematically equivalent to the average of all possible split-half correlations.​

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Cronbach's Alpha can be calculated by taking the average of all possible split-half correlations, and it is mathematically equivalent to this value.

Question 8

Donna's study of time management includes having participants record the amount of time spent studying each day.This is best described as a(n)____ scale.​
A) ​nominal
B) ​ordinal
C) ​interval
D) ​ratio

Accepted Answer

The ratio scale is used here because it involves recording the exact amount of time spent studying, which allows for a true zero point (no time spent studying) and comparisons of absolute quantities (e.g., twice as much time spent studying).

Question 9

Ordinal scales have absolute zeroes.​

Accepted Answer

Ordinal scales do not have absolute zeroes. The numbers are used to rank or order items, but there is no true zero point.

Question 10

Nominal scales are the weakest form of measurement.​

Accepted Answer

Nominal scales only provide categories or groupings without any numerical or quantitative value. They do not indicate any order or magnitude and are generally considered the weakest form of measurement.

Question 11

In what level of measurement are the attributes simply names?​
A) ​nominal
B) ​ordinal
C) ​interval
D) ​ratio

Accepted Answer

Nominal level of measurement is used for attributes that are simply names or labels, with no quantitative value or order.

Question 12

In what level of measurement is there a meaningful absolute zero?​
A) ​nominal
B) ​ordinal
C) ​interval
D) ​ratio

Accepted Answer

Ratio level of measurement has a meaningful absolute zero, which indicates the complete absence of the variable being measured. For example, weight, height, speed, and distance are variables that have a clear zero point, and thus ratio measurement is appropriate for them. Nominal and ordinal levels of measurement do not have a meaningful numerical interpretation, and interval measurement has an arbitrary zero point.

Question 13

In what level of measurement is the distance from one attribute to another meaningful?​
A) ​nominal
B) ​ordinal
C) ​interval
D) ​ratio

Accepted Answer

In interval level of measurement, the distance between attributes is meaningful. For example, the difference between a temperature of 30 degrees Celsius and 40 degrees Celsius is the same as the difference between 70 degrees Celsius and 80 degrees Celsius. This is not true for nominal and ordinal levels of measurement, where the values represent categories and have no inherent numerical meaning, and ratio level of measurement, where there is a true zero point but the distance between attributes may not be meaningful (e.g. time in seconds).

Question 14

In True Score Theory,the observed score = true ability + random error.​

Accepted Answer

In True Score Theory, the observed score of an individual is considered to be composed of true ability and random error. This means that the observed score is seen as an imperfect reflection of the individual's actual ability due to the presence of random errors in the measurement process.

Question 15

As long as your test is reliable,it need not be valid.​

Accepted Answer

This statement is incorrect. A test must be both reliable and valid in order to be considered a good measure of the construct it is intended to assess. Reliability refers to the consistency of the results obtained from the test over time and across different samples, while validity refers to the extent to which the test actually measures what it is supposed to measure. If a test is reliable but not valid, it means that it consistently produces the same results but those results do not accurately reflect the construct being measured. Therefore, it is important for a test to be both reliable and valid in order for it to be considered a useful tool for assessment.

Question 16

Jamie has people in her study of taste perception self-identify as "foodies" (people with an intense interest in food who enjoy the adventure of trying new foods)or "non-foodies." This is best described as an example of a(n)____ scale.​
A) ​nominal
B) ​ordinal
C) ​interval
D) ​ratio

Accepted Answer

The scale only has two categories: "foodies" and "non-foodies." These categories are not inherently ordered or have any numerical value, making it a nominal scale.

Question 17

Random error is also called noise.​

Accepted Answer

True, random error is also referred to as noise because it is unpredictable and does not follow a pattern.

Question 18

The formula X = T + E best describes ____.​
A) ​item response theory
B) ​true score theory
C) ​the Rasch model
D) ​generalizability theory

Accepted Answer

The formula X = T + E represents the true score theory, which states that a person's true score on a test is equal to their actual score (X) plus the amount of error (E) present in the test.

Question 19

One of the measures Rosalyn is including in her study of the effects of environmental enrichment is the score on a standardized scale of intelligence.This is best described as a(n)____ scale.​
A) ​nominal
B) ​ordinal
C) ​interval
D) ​ratio

Accepted Answer

A standardized scale of intelligence requires equal intervals between the scores and a meaningful zero point, making it an interval scale. It is not nominal because scores have a quantitative value and cannot be categorized, it is not ordinal because the scores cannot be ranked in a meaningful order, and it is not ratio because there is not a true zero point on the scale.

Question 20

With true score theory,____ error is considered to contribute to test scores.​
A) random​
B) systematic
C) environmental​
D) ​consistent

Accepted Answer

True score theory suggests that there is an underlying true score for each individual, and any error in measurement contributes to deviation from this true score. Random error is considered to be unpredictable and unsystematic, and can therefore contribute to variations in test scores. Systematic error, on the other hand, is consistent and predictable and does not contribute to variations in test scores. Environmental and consistent errors do not apply to true score theory.

Quiz 5: Introduction-To-Measurement

When you know that a measure is nominal,you know that the numerical values are simply placeholders for the text names.

In what level of measurement can the attributes be ranked?

Levels of measurement are important because they determine what type of analysis can be used.

When an individual participating in a study tries to guess what the experimenter's hypothesis is,there is a social threat to construct validity.

Random error can drastically affect the average performance for a group.

Cronbach's Alpha is mathematically equivalent to the average of all possible split-half correlations.

Donna's study of time management includes having participants record the amount of time spent studying each day.This is best described as a(n) ____ scale.

Ordinal scales have absolute zeroes.

Nominal scales are the weakest form of measurement.

In what level of measurement are the attributes simply names?

In what level of measurement is there a meaningful absolute zero?

In what level of measurement is the distance from one attribute to another meaningful?

In True Score Theory,the observed score = true ability + random error.

As long as your test is reliable,it need not be valid.

Jamie has people in her study of taste perception self-identify as "foodies" (people with an intense interest in food who enjoy the adventure of trying new foods) or "non-foodies." This is best described as an example of a(n) ____ scale.

Random error is also called noise.

The formula X = T + E best describes ____.

One of the measures Rosalyn is including in her study of the effects of environmental enrichment is the score on a standardized scale of intelligence.This is best described as a(n) ____ scale.

With true score theory,____ error is considered to contribute to test scores.