Question 1

Galabuzi suggests that the term "visible minority" suggests a permanent status that reinforces essentialist assumptions about race. What term has Galabuzi offered as a viable alternative to "visible minority?

Accepted Answer

Galabuzi has suggested "racialized group" as a viable alternative to "visible minority" as it moves away from the essentialist assumptions about race and acknowledges the systemic and structural processes that create racial categories and hierarchies.

Question 2

What process involves members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups becoming absorbed into the dominant culture?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation involves members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups becoming absorbed into the dominant culture. It often involves giving up aspects of one's own cultural identity in order to conform to the dominant culture's values, beliefs, and practices. This can happen voluntarily, but it can also be forced upon people through policies and laws.

Question 3

According to the text, who is considered a visible minority?

Accepted Answer

The text states that visible minorities are "persons who are non-Caucasian in race and/or non-white in colour." Option A includes "and/or" but the "and" is not accurate since a person can be considered a visible minority if they are only non-Caucasian or only non-white in colour. Option B only includes Aboriginal and non-Caucasian individuals, but the text specifies that visible minorities can also be those who are not white in colour even if they are of Caucasian race. Option D is too restrictive since it excludes non-white Caucasians who are still considered visible minorities.

Question 4

According to the text, what is the definition of "pluralism"?

Accepted Answer

The text states that pluralism refers to "societal acceptance and appreciation of cultural diversity" and that it involves "maintaining and celebrating cultural differences." Therefore, option A, "Cultural differences are maintained and celebrated," is the correct answer.

Question 5

Ingrid is a Canadian whose parents emigrated from England to Canada just before Ingrid was born. Ingrid's family is widely considered to be part of a majority, or what kind of group?

Accepted Answer

Ingrid's family is part of the dominant group because they are not a minority or subordinate group and they are not persecuted.

Question 6

A very cliquish high school has groups referred to locally as preppies, keeners, greasers, immigrants, and warriors. Each group has very negative and stereotypical notions of all the others. Which of the following terms best describes these negative beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Prejudice refers to negative beliefs or attitudes towards a group of people based on preconceived notions or stereotypes. While racism, bigotry, and discrimination can all be forms of prejudice, none of them adequately describes the specific situation described in the prompt. The groups in the high school may come from different racial or ethnic backgrounds, but the prompt does not indicate that this is the basis of their negative beliefs about one another. Similarly, while discrimination involves treating individuals unfairly based on their membership in a particular group, the prompt does not give any examples of specific actions taken against any of the groups. The term bigotry refers to intolerance or prejudice towards individuals with differing beliefs, but this doesn't fully capture the negative attitudes between the high school groups.

Question 7

Which of the following most accurately describes racism?

Accepted Answer

Racism is the belief that certain races are superior or inferior to others, often based on physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, and eye shape. It involves the systematic subjugation and discrimination of individuals based on their perceived racial identity. Option A is incorrect because it perpetuates the false notion of inherent racial superiority or inferiority. Option C is incorrect because individuals can have different genetic heritage and still belong to the same racial group. Option D is incorrect because cultural characteristics do not necessarily determine one's racial identity.

Question 8

A little boy uses a racist term when describing a neighbour, and rather than telling him how inappropriate that label is, his parents laugh. From this experience, the boy learns that his parents think he is funny when he uses racist language and he repeats the practice. What type of theorist would best explain this construction of racism?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A little boy uses a racist term...

Question 9

According to the text, what is the country of origin of Canadian immigrants today most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, what is the...

Question 10

What term does the text use for "a socially constructed category used to classify humankind according to such physical characteristics as skin colour, hair texture, and facial features"?

Accepted Answer

The text specifically defines "race" as "a socially constructed category used to classify humankind according to such physical characteristics as skin colour, hair texture, and facial features." Therefore, the correct term used in the text for this phenomenon is "race."

Question 11

Jaroslav believes that his Polish culture is superior to every other culture. What is his belief called, according to the text?

Accepted Answer

Jaroslav's belief that his Polish culture is superior to every other culture is an example of ethnocentrism, which is the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture over others.

Question 12

Jose, a Mexican immigrant, and his other Mexican friends work at a meat packing plant doing the worst and most dangerous jobs while the clean, safe administration jobs are all filled by white non-immigrants such as Pete. Which theory does this situation exemplify?

Accepted Answer

This situation exemplifies the split labor market theory, which suggests that employers use race and ethnicity as a way to divide and control the workforce. In this case, white non-immigrant workers are given clean, safe administration jobs while Mexican immigrants are relegated to the worst and most dangerous jobs. This division allows employers to pay Mexican workers less than their white counterparts and creates a power dynamic that benefits the employers. Work racism theory focuses specifically on discrimination against racial and ethnic minorities in the workplace. Internal colonialism theory examines the ways in which dominant groups maintain control over marginalized groups. Gendered racism theory addresses discrimination against women of color.

Question 13

Which of the following is evident when someone holds racial prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Racial prejudice involves holding negative beliefs or stereotypes about a racial group, such as believing that a certain racial group is innately inferior.

Question 14

Zainab is a 20-year-old woman who emigrated from Iraq to Canada with her family in 2008. While she is at home among her extended family and family friends, she dresses and acts as is expected of a young Iraqi woman. When she returns to her university dormitory to live amid her friends who come from many ethnic and religious backgrounds, she dresses and acts according to dominant Western norms. What term best describes Zainab's intergenerational status?

Accepted Answer

Zainab's ability to adapt and navigate between the cultural values and expectations of her family's traditional Iraqi culture and the dominant Western culture she experiences at university dormitory is an example of biculturalism. Bicultural individuals are able to effectively switch between multiple cultural identities and integrate them into their daily lives.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of institutional discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Institutional discrimination refers to discriminatory practices or policies that are embedded within institutions such as government, education or the workplace. The denial of the right to vote for Canadian Status Indians until 1960 represents institutional discrimination because it was a policy upheld by the Canadian government that resulted in a group being treated unfairly based on their Indigenous status. Option A, increasing opportunities for certain ethnic and racial groups, represents affirmative action, which is not institutional discrimination. Option B, institutional practices that arose from democratic ideas, may or may not be discriminatory, depending on the specific practices examined. Option D, the basing of institutional practices on explicitly inclusive ideals, is not institutional discrimination as it promotes inclusion rather than discrimination.

Question 16

What term does the text use to refer to the ethnic characteristics of your ancestors?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What term does the text use to...

Question 17

According to the text, which of the following reflects the realistic conflict theory?

Accepted Answer

The realistic conflict theory is used to understand how prejudice emerges from competition over scarce resources. Option A refers to biological determinism, not the realistic conflict theory. Option C and D are not related to the realistic conflict theory.

Question 18

A woman tells her husband: "I am going to hire Julie to clean the house because she is from Country X and immigrants from there are very hard workers." Which of the following prejudicial components is this woman highlighting?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive component of prejudice involves beliefs or stereotypes about a group, in this case, the stereotype that immigrants from Country X are very hard workers.

Question 19

What term does the text use for a "system of stratification based on physical differences … that are seen as essential and permanent"?

Accepted Answer

The text specifically mentions a "system of stratification based on physical differences … that are seen as essential and permanent," which is the definition of race.

Question 20

Suppose three Aboriginal boys are excluded every day at recess from playing soccer with the other boys. When they ask why, a white boy states, "We didn't invite you!" Which of the following is happening?

Accepted Answer

Discrimination is the act of treating someone differently or unfairly based on their membership in a particular group. In this scenario, the Aboriginal boys are being excluded from playing soccer with the other boys based on their race, which is a form of discrimination. Prejudice refers to preconceived opinions or attitudes towards a particular group, while stereotyping refers to making assumptions about individuals based on their membership in a particular group. Social distance refers to the degree of closeness or separation between different groups in society. Although some of these concepts may be relevant to the scenario, discrimination is the most accurate choice based on the information provided.

Quiz 8: Race and Ethnicity: Defining Ourselves and Others