Question 1

A situation in which the conflicting parties,by rationally pursuing their own self-interest,become caught in mutually destructive behaviour is known as a social trap.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes a social trap, which occurs when individuals or groups act in their own self-interest, but inadvertently create a negative outcome for themselves and others involved.

Question 2

Dan wants to buy a new car,but he wants the best possible price.Which of the following strategies should Dan use to get what he wants?

Accepted Answer

Bargaining is the best strategy for Dan to use in order to get the best possible price for a new car. This involves negotiating with the seller to find a price that both parties are comfortable with. This strategy allows Dan to have control over the negotiation process and potentially save money. Mediation, arbitration, and conciliation involve more neutral third-parties and may not be as effective in getting the specific price that Dan wants.

Question 3

Which of the following is not one of the steps in Charles Osgood's GRIT (graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction)strategy?

Accepted Answer

Building up first-strike capability is not a step in the GRIT strategy. The steps are announcing conciliatory intent, carrying out several verifiable conciliatory acts, and maintaining retaliatory capability.

Question 4

Evolutionary psychologist Robin Dunbar believes that a group size of about 125-150 people is NOT the optimum size for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Dunbar's number, which suggests that individuals can only maintain stable social relationships with around 150 people, has been applied to various fields, including business, religion, and military. However, it is not directly applicable to college classrooms, as the nature of the relationship between students and instructors is more hierarchical and less based on social bonding.

Question 5

Which of the following gestures would NOT begin easing down the tension ladder,to a rung where contact,cooperation,and communication become possible?

Accepted Answer

Gossiping can escalate tension and create further conflict, making it a counterproductive gesture for easing down the tension ladder.

Question 6

According to the text,Lester B.Pearson helped negotiate a deal between several countries in a conflict crisis over the Suez Canal.His attempts relied on getting all parties to ___________ one another.

Accepted Answer

The text states that Lester B. Pearson helped negotiate a deal between several countries in a conflict crisis over the Suez Canal, and his attempts relied on getting all parties to make concessions to one another.

Question 7

Agreements that reconcile both parties' interests to their mutual benefit are known as integrative agreements.

Accepted Answer

Integrative agreements are also known as "win-win" solutions because both parties' interests are satisfied.

Question 8

Osgood's strategy called GRIT is an acronym for

Accepted Answer

Osgood's strategy called GRIT stands for Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension Reduction. This strategy suggests that in conflict situations, one party must make the first move towards de-escalation by offering a small, conciliatory gesture. The other party should then reciprocate with a similar gesture, eventually leading to a resolution of the conflict.

Question 9

When tensions rise,views of the enemy are less simplistic and stereotyped,and seat-of-the-pants judgments become less likely.

Accepted Answer

When tensions rise, views of the enemy often become more simplistic and stereotyped, and people are more likely to rely on seat-of-the-pants judgments, as stress and fear can reduce the capacity for complex thinking and increase reliance on simplified perceptions and quick decisions.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a social trap?

Accepted Answer

The Prisoners' Dilemma is an example of a social trap because it involves a situation where individuals or groups make decisions that seem rational at the time, but ultimately lead to negative consequences for all involved. In this case, two individuals have the choice to cooperate or betray each other, with the possibility of gaining or losing points. However, the best outcome for both individuals would be to cooperate, but the fear of being betrayed leads to a situation where both individuals end up betraying each other, resulting in a worse outcome for both.

Question 11

Workshops that promote healing and reconciliation have worked for which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Workshops that promote healing and reconciliation have...

Question 12

An arbitrator is a neutral third party who resolves conflict by facilitating communication and offering suggestions.

Accepted Answer

An arbitrator is a neutral third party who makes a binding decision to resolve a dispute, rather than just facilitating communication and offering suggestions.

Question 13

Negotiators who were instructed to mimic the others' mannerisms,elicited which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Negotiators who were instructed to mimic the...

Question 14

What is the main difference between mediation and arbitration?

Accepted Answer

The main difference between mediation and arbitration is that in mediation, the neutral third party facilitates communication between the parties but does not have the power to impose a settlement. In arbitration, the arbitrator listens to both sides of the dispute and then makes a decision that is legally binding and enforceable. So, only an arbitrator can impose a settlement, which makes option B the correct answer.

Question 15

The Alaskan halibut fishery has implemented 'catch shares',guaranteeing each fisher a percentage of each year's allowable catch,which has reduced competition and overfishing.This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The implementation of catch shares is an example of regulation, which is an external force that sets rules and limits on natural resource use to promote sustainability.

Question 16

Research by Lindskold and associates on the GRIT (graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction)technique has found that

Accepted Answer

Lindskold and associates found that announcing cooperative intent does boost cooperation.

Question 17

According to the text,harmony occurs when justice and mutual respect prevail,but also when,"everyone knows their place" in an unjust world.

Accepted Answer

Harmony can occur when everyone knows their place in an unjust world, according to the text.

Quiz 13: Social Psychology in Conflict and Peacemaking