Question 1

One way to reduce cognitive dissonance is to engage in self-affirmation.In what case of cognitive dissonance might we be more likely to use this indirect method for dissonance reduction? If you did something that induced some dissonance,and you used self-affirmation to reduce your dissonance,how would you personally go about it?

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Question 2

Forewarning generally improves resistance to persuasion--but not always.Describe briefly how forewarning may produce attitude change in the direction of the message.What motivation might drive such a result? What role might source credibility play?

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Question 3

Communicators who are ________ and attractive are generally more effective than those who are not.

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Question 4

In the theory of planned behavior,once our behavioral options are considered,their consequences are evaluated,and a decision is reached to act or not,that decision then manifests itself in ________.

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Question 5

Forewarning does not act to prevent persuasion when people are ________.

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Question 6

Briefly describe Fazio's attitude-to-behavior process model.

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Question 7

Discuss the role of learning in attitude formation.

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Question 8

Briefly describe cognitive dissonance theory.

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Question 9

Context is an essential component in all of social psychological research.What role does the social context play in the expression of attitudes? Describe this linkage in terms of attitude-behavior consistency,attitude certainty,the role that perceptions of the social context might play in planned behavior,how social context might be involved in the intersection of persuasion and reactance,when forewarning doesn't work to enhance resistance to persuasion.

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Question 10

Having people advocate some attitude publicly,and then reminding them that their espoused attitude doesn't match their personal behavior,is used to generate feelings of ________.

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Question 11

Our attitudes tend to be strongest and hardest to modify when they are based on direct personal experience with the ________ of the attitudes.

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Question 12

We live in an age of "certainty" among our elected officials--many politicians claim to have the perfect panaceas for our ills,and to be certain of what political satirist and comedian Stephen Colbert might call the "truth-i-ness" of their attitudes.Link your description of the components of certainty,and how those components are generally strengthened,to the particular circumstances that might cause elected officials to become ever more certain of their attitudes.

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Question 13

The ________ route to persuasion involves carefully thinking about the ideas presented in a message,and then drawing conclusions based on that information.

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Question 14

In your search for a car to buy,you encounter a possible car of Brand X.A friend,at one point,had confided that she had had a bad experience with Brand X--it was a lemon.You remember what she said,but you do not focus on it much,and soon you are evaluating the car without thinking of it.What circumstance would likely increase your feelings of suspicion about the car you are considering?

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Question 15

Some universities have run public service ads in which they give the results of a careful survey of their students with what students say is the average number of beers or drinks they are likely to consume in a given evening.Apart from establishing a drinking social norm,why be so explicit about the actual number of drinks? That is,what psychological tendency might the ads be attempting to thwart?

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Question 16

Explain the study in which researchers explored ego depletion effects on persuasion.

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Question 17

When people have a vested interest in terms of an attitude object,they exhibit greater extremity of attitude about that attitude object.But what other mental or behavior process do these people exhibit?

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Question 18

When attitude-behavior discrepancy involves important attitudes and/or self-belief,________ isn't feasible as a means of reducing cognitive dissonance.

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Question 19

The fewer rewards or reasons a person has for engaging in a behavior the more likely there will be attitude change.This is called __________.

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Question 20

Participants were asked to make a videotape advocating the use of condoms.Half were then asked to think about reasons they had not used condoms,while the other half thought about reasons why other students had not.Later on,each group was asked to choose between purchasing condoms or making a donation to a worthy cause.Please briefly discuss what psychological outcomes were the result of the initial manipulation,and then explain why one group was more likely to select the purchasing condoms option than the other.

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Quiz 5: Attitudes: Evaluating and Responding to the Social World