Question 1

According to research by Aronson and Linder (1965),which of the following patterns of comments about us would lead us to like the speaker the most?

Accepted Answer

Aronson and Linder's research on the gain-loss principle of attraction suggests that we tend to like people more who initially make critical comments about us but then shift to flattering comments. This pattern indicates a positive change in their perception of us, which is more impactful and flattering than consistent praise or criticism.

Question 2

Which of the following best reflects the benefits and cost of being attractive?

Accepted Answer

Attractiveness can indeed confer social advantages, but it may also lead individuals to question the genuineness of compliments about their achievements, wondering if these accolades are based on their looks rather than their actual work or talent.

Question 3

Paulina knows that she is very physically attractive.Her physical appearance has biased her employer to think that her work is better than it really is.The employer therefore frequently compliments her work.According to relevant research,however,why won't Paulina benefit psychologically from these compliments?

Accepted Answer

Paulina is likely to question the sincerity of the compliments due to her awareness of her physical attractiveness potentially biasing her employer's perception of her work quality. This skepticism can prevent her from benefiting psychologically from the compliments, as she may believe they are not based on her actual performance but rather on her appearance.

Question 4

Which of the following statements best describes the predictions of the two-stage model of attraction proposed by Byrne et al.(1986)?

Accepted Answer

The two-stage model of attraction suggests that people initially avoid those who are dissimilar and then among the remaining individuals, they approach those who are most similar to themselves.

Question 5

Matthew is considering going on a blind date.According to the evolutionary perspective,which of the following will he be most concerned with?

Accepted Answer

According to the evolutionary perspective, individuals are more likely to be attracted to potential partners who have characteristics that signal reproductive fitness, such as physical attractiveness. Therefore, Matthew's primary concern on a blind date may be the physical attractiveness of his date.

Question 6

Both male and female bar patrons who are not in committed relationships tend to see one another as more attractive as the evening wears on.What is the most likely cause of this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Psychological reactance is the phenomenon where people perceive a restriction on their freedom and thus find the restricted option more attractive. As the evening progresses, the limited time to find a partner may increase the perceived attractiveness of others.

Question 7

According to the evolutionary perspective,which of the following do women prefer?

Accepted Answer

Women, from an evolutionary perspective, are theorized to prefer wealthy men because wealth can be seen as a resource that enhances the chances of reproductive success by providing better care and security for offspring.

Question 8

Why are interactions with physically attractive others often rewarding?

Accepted Answer

The answer is D because research has shown that people generally have positive expectations about interactions with physically attractive individuals, and these expectations can lead to a rewarding experience even if the interaction is brief or superficial. This phenomenon is known as the "halo effect" and it can influence our perceptions of the attractive person's personality, intelligence, and other characteristics.

Question 9

Spike likes L.J. ,but Spike doesn't like Reggie.In which of the following situations would the relationship among these three individuals be balanced?

Accepted Answer

In a balanced relationship scenario, the feelings or relationships among the individuals should be consistent or reciprocate in a way that maintains equilibrium. Since Spike likes L.J. but doesn't like Reggie, if L.J. also doesn't like Reggie, this creates a balanced situation where the mutual dislike for Reggie aligns with Spike's feelings, maintaining a consistent and balanced relationship dynamic among the three individuals.

Question 10

Which of the following is consistent with the evolutionary account of mate selection?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology suggests that women and men have developed different strategies for mate selection based on reproductive fitness. Women offering beauty and men offering wealth in personal ads align with these evolutionary strategies, where physical attractiveness in women signals fertility and health, and wealth in men signals the ability to provide resources.

Question 11

Which of the following findings is most consistent with the sociocultural perspective on mate selection?

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural perspective on mate selection suggests that cultural values and norms play a major role in the process. In some cultures, economic power may increase the importance of physical attractiveness in selecting a mate, which is consistent with option A. Option B represents the evolutionary perspective on mate selection, while option C and D represent general findings from studies on mate selection preferences, but do not necessarily relate to the sociocultural perspective.

Question 12

Rosenbaum (1986)argues that social psychologists overestimate the role of attitudinal similarity in attraction,and suggests that it is not similarity that creates attraction.What is his hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Rosenbaum (1986) suggests that it is not the similarity that creates attraction but rather the absence of dissimilarity. His hypothesis is that dissimilarity between individuals leads to interpersonal repulsion, implying that avoiding negative traits in others is more crucial for attraction than finding similar positive traits.

Question 13

Sid is mildly attracted to Nicole.If his parents forbid him to see Nicole,which of the following is most likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

The idea of being forbidden to see someone can amplify the attraction to that person due to the psychological concept of reactance. When one's freedom to do something is threatened, they may desire that thing more. Therefore, it is likely that Sid will become more attracted to Nicole if his parents forbid him to see her.

Question 14

Popular wisdom is often contradictory,as with the following two sayings: (1)"opposites attract" and (2)"birds of a feather flock together." What does research on the relationship between similarity and liking suggest?

Accepted Answer

Research on the relationship between similarity and liking suggests that "birds of a feather flock together." People tend to be more attracted to those who are similar to themselves. This phenomenon is known as homophily. People who share similar backgrounds, interests, values, and attitudes tend to be attracted to each other because they have more in common and find it easier to communicate and understand each other.

Question 15

Furio believes that people desire and form relationships with others who are similar in terms of attitudes,values,physical attractiveness,and so on.To which of the following does Furio subscribe?

Accepted Answer

Furio subscribes to the matching hypothesis, which states that people tend to form relationships with others who are similar in terms of attitudes, values, physical attractiveness, and other characteristics.

Question 16

In a classic study on attraction,Newcomb (1961)set up an experimental university dormitory.What did this study reveal?

Accepted Answer

The study revealed that students who had similar backgrounds, such as similar socio-economic status and religion, tended to like each other. This suggests that similarity is an important factor in attraction. The study did not find evidence to support the other options.

Question 17

Walster et al.(1966)randomly matched students for a dance.At the end of the evening,students indicated how satisfied they were with their dates.What was the strongest predictor of satisfaction?

Accepted Answer

Physical attractiveness was found to be the strongest predictor of satisfaction in the study by Walster et al. (1966), where students were randomly matched for a dance and later asked about their satisfaction with their dates.

Question 18

Jill really wants Mark to like her.What should she do?

Accepted Answer

Jill should make sure that Mark knows that she likes him. This will show her interest in him and may make him more likely to reciprocate those feelings. Leaving things up to chance or trying to play hard to get may backfire and make Mark lose interest. Pointing out how their personalities complement each other may come across as too forward, and emphasizing relationships with people Mark does not like may be seen as trying to create jealousy or competition.

Question 19

According to evolutionary psychologists,in which of the following cases would Tom feel the most upset?

Accepted Answer

From an evolutionary perspective, sexual infidelity threatens a man's reproductive success and passing on his genes to future generations, which is why it is likely to produce the strongest emotional reaction. Emotional infidelity, on the other hand, does not necessarily limit a man's reproductive success, making it less likely to result in such a strong reaction. The other options do not necessarily threaten a man's reproductive success and are therefore less likely to cause as much upset.

Question 20

Why does similarity tend to lead to attraction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why does similarity tend to lead to...

Quiz 9: Attraction and Close Relationships

According to research by Aronson and Linder (1965) ,which of the following patterns of comments about us would lead us to like the speaker the most?