Question 1

The term for the phenomenon where feelings,ideas,and behaviors spread rapidly through a group of people is called:

Accepted Answer

Social contagion refers to the spread of emotions, attitudes, and behavior through a group of people. It can occur through various channels like social media, group dynamics, and mimicking behavior. Hysteria refers to an exaggerated or uncontrollable emotion or excitement, the chameleon effect is the unconscious mimicry of behaviors and expressions of others, and mindlessness denotes a state of being unaware or unconscious of one's surroundings.

Question 2

All of the following are true about social learning EXCEPT which statement?

Accepted Answer

The statement "People are more likely to imitate a model if they see the model has received no consequences for the behavior" is not true. In fact, people are more likely to imitate a behavior if they see the model being reinforced for the behavior, not if there are no consequences.

Question 3

Learning by watching and imitating is called:

Accepted Answer

Social learning involves learning by watching and imitating others, specifically through observing and modeling behavior. Operant conditioning is learning through consequences (rewards and punishments), while classical conditioning involves learning associations between stimuli. Latent learning is learning that occurs without reinforcement but is not immediately expressed.

Question 4

A hotel manager is trying to convince guests to conserve water by reusing their bathroom towels.In all the bathrooms she places signs that read,"Discarding your towel to be cleaned after only one use wastes water and should not be done.Many guests discard their towel after just one use,leading to a massive drain on our local water resources." The manager has activated _____.This tactic _____.

Accepted Answer

The signs activate both a descriptive norm (many guests discarding towels after one use) and an injunctive norm (it shouldn't be done). However, research suggests that relying solely on normative appeals is not very effective at changing behavior. Additional tactics, such as providing incentives or making it more convenient for guests to reuse towels, may be necessary for increasing the desired behavior.

Question 5

According to the focus theory of normative conduct,_____ are beliefs about what the majority of people typically do,while _____ are beliefs about what is considered right and wrong in the culture.

Accepted Answer

The focus theory of normative conduct proposes that normative beliefs can be broken down into descriptive norms (beliefs about what the majority of people typically do) and injunctive norms (beliefs about what is considered right and wrong in the culture). Therefore, choice C accurately describes the two types of normative beliefs identified in this theory.

Question 6

If Tia becomes obese,there is an increased likelihood that Tia's friend will also become obese.This is because of:

Accepted Answer

Social contagion refers to the spread of behaviors, attitudes or emotions through social networks, and obesity can be socially contagious. When a person becomes obese, their friends are more likely to become obese as well due to various reasons such as shared eating and exercise habits, social norms, and peer influence.

Question 7

A belief about what most people typically do in situations is called:

Accepted Answer

A belief about what most people typically do in situations is called a descriptive norm. Descriptive norms refer to beliefs about what most people typically do in a given situation, whereas injunctive norms refer to beliefs about what is commonly approved or disapproved of in a given situation. Informational influence and norm for social commitment are concepts that refer to different types of social influence.

Question 8

You see a group of friends who are sitting in a coffee shop.One person crosses their legs.When you look over again,everyone has their legs crossed.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The situation described is an example of the chameleon effect, which is the unconscious mimicry of the behaviors of others in our social environment.

Question 9

In a study of social priming,some subjects were stopped at a red light and approached by a passerby who asked for direction.Shortly after the light turned green,subjects encountered a stalled car at an intersection.The researchers found:

Accepted Answer

This study suggests that social priming can influence behavior, as those who were primed to be helpful were less likely to honk their horns at the stalled car, indicating a greater willingness to assist others in situations of need. The other answer choices are not supported by the information given in the passage.

Question 10

An effective method to test the ideas of social learning theory would be to:

Accepted Answer

Creating a novel task for participants to learn and then having them learn the task either with the assistance of experienced others or on their own is the most effective method to test the ideas of social learning theory. This allows for direct observation of how social influence affects learning and behavior. Options A, C, and D do not directly test the ideas of social learning theory.

Question 11

Watching someone behave aggressively increases the salience of aggression-related concepts.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Social priming refers to the phenomenon where exposure to one stimulus influences the processing of subsequent stimuli. In this case, watching someone behave aggressively can prime aggression-related concepts and make them more salient in the observer's mind, potentially influencing their own behavior.

Question 12

When a person mentally envisions kicking a soccer ball while watching someone else kick a soccer ball,_____ are involved.

Accepted Answer

Mirror neurons are brain cells that are active both when a person performs an action and when they observe the same action being performed by someone else. They are believed to play a role in the ability to understand and imitate the actions of others, and may be involved when a person mentally envisions performing an action they are observing. As such, mirror neurons are likely involved when a person mentally envisions kicking a soccer ball while watching someone else kick a soccer ball.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of social contagion?

Accepted Answer

Social contagion refers to the spread of behaviors, attitudes, or emotions through a group or society. In choice A, the teacher's report of smelling gasoline and feeling nauseous leads to a similar reaction among the school's population, despite there being no gas leak. This exemplifies how emotions or behaviors can spread among people without any physical basis, purely through social interaction or the power of suggestion.

Question 14

Social influence is defined as the:

Accepted Answer

Social influence refers to the effects of other people on an individual's beliefs or behaviors.

Question 15

Shi does not really like William and does not want to be talking with him.William is wearing a shirt suggesting that he is a fan of Star Wars.Research suggests that after they finish their conversation,if Shi turns on the TV and starts flipping through the channels,what will she likely do?

Accepted Answer

Although William is wearing a shirt suggesting he is a Star Wars fan, there is no evidence to suggest that this will influence Shi's TV viewing habits after their conversation. Therefore, she is not likely to be any more likely to watch Star Wars if it is on.

Question 16

In Bandura's classic Bobo doll studies,children were more likely to imitate the behavior they observed if the:

Accepted Answer

In Bandura's Bobo doll studies, children were more likely to imitate aggressive behavior when they observed the model being rewarded for that behavior. This finding supports the social learning theory, which posits that people learn from observing others, especially when those behaviors are seen to lead to positive outcomes.

Question 17

All of the following are examples of social learning EXCEPT which statement?

Accepted Answer

The discovery of how to light a fire by an early human is not considered social learning as it was not learned by observing or interacting with others. Instead, it was likely a discovery made through trial and error or happenstance. A, B, and C all involve learning from others in a social context.

Question 18

Linjay watched all her neighbors "go green" and begin to recycle,even though recycling is not mandatory.Linjay began to recycle too.Linjay was following a(n)_____ norm.

Accepted Answer

Descriptive norms refer to the perception of what is commonly done in specific situations. Linjay started recycling because she observed that it was a common behavior among her neighbors, not because of a formal rule or a direct request to do so.

Question 19

The emphasis of the focus theory of normative conduct is the role that _____ plays in enhancing normative influence.

Accepted Answer

The focus theory of normative conduct posits that the more salient a norm is, the more likely it is to be adopted by an individual through social influence. Therefore, the emphasis of this theory is on the role that salience plays in enhancing normative influence.

Question 20

All of the following are social influence areas EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

Creative thinking is not typically considered a social influence area, as it refers more to individual thought processes and problem-solving strategies. The other options - compliance techniques, conformity to norms, and following commands from authority - all involve interpersonal dynamics and social influence.

Quiz 7: Social Influence