Question 1

The idea that people respond less defensively to threats to one aspect of themselves if they think about another valued aspect of themselves is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The idea described in the question is that of self-affirmation, where focusing on another valued aspect of oneself can reduce defensiveness in response to threats to a different aspect of the self. Choice B (self-verification) refers to the tendency for individuals to seek out feedback that confirms existing beliefs about themselves, while choice C (symbolic self-completion) is the idea that individuals strive to complete an idealized version of themselves through the acquisition of certain symbols or identities. Choice D (projection) refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their own thoughts and feelings to others.

Question 2

Which of the following finding has emerged from research on social comparison?

Accepted Answer

People generally think of themselves as better in most respects now than they used to be.

Question 3

According to the sociometer model:

Accepted Answer

According to the sociometer model, a basic function of self-esteem is indicating one's level of acceptance by others. It is believed that self-esteem evolved as a way for individuals to monitor their level of social acceptance and inclusion, and to adjust their behavior accordingly in order to maintain or increase their social standing. Other options are not supported by the sociometer model.

Question 4

People in individualist cultures tend to declare themselves better than average on _____,while people in collectivist cultures tend to declare themselves better than average on _____.

Accepted Answer

Individualist cultures emphasize personal achievements and qualities such as self-reliance, leading individuals to rate themselves higher on these traits. Collectivist cultures value group harmony and loyalty, so individuals in these cultures are more likely to rate themselves higher on traits related to group cohesion and loyalty.

Question 5

Ostracism evokes a brain response that is similar to that triggered by:

Accepted Answer

Ostracism has been found to activate areas of the brain associated with physical pain, such as the anterior cingulate cortex and insula. Therefore, the best choice would be B, pain.

Question 6

In a typical game of what Williams and colleagues called cyberball,participants:

Accepted Answer

In a cyberball game, participants initially play an electronic game of "catch" with two other avatars. However, over time, the avatars gradually stop including the participant in the game, leading to feelings of social exclusion and rejection. Therefore, option B is the correct choice.

Question 7

Research suggest that if people have unstable self-esteem,they:

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that people with unstable self-esteem are more sensitive to potential self-esteem threats than those with stable self-esteem. They may experience stronger reactions to feedback, criticism, or failure, leading to fluctuations in their self-worth and emotional well-being. They may also engage in defensive or aggressive responses to protect their self-esteem.

Question 8

A study by Cialdini (1976)and colleagues on people's reactions to their college sports team showed that:

Accepted Answer

The study showed that people were more likely to wear college apparel when their sports team had won a game.

Question 9

The sociometer model emphasizes:

Accepted Answer

The sociometer model emphasizes the desire to fit in with others as a means of maintaining social connections and avoiding rejection. It suggests that individuals use interpersonal cues and feedback from others to monitor their social status and adjust their behavior accordingly. Therefore, choice C is the best answer. Self-verification (choice A) refers to the desire to have others confirm one's self-concept, while social comparison (choice B) involves comparing oneself to others to gain information about one's abilities or status. The desire to stand out from others (choice D) is not emphasized in the sociometer model as it contradicts the basic premise of maintaining social connections.

Question 10

Research suggests that feeling ostracized in a social activity such as a game increases activation in the:

Accepted Answer

The anterior cingulate cortex is known to be involved in emotional regulation and social pain, and studies have shown that feeling ostracized during a game increases activity in this region.

Question 11

Janella is highly successful in a domain that is not very important to her self-esteem,so she is motivated to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Janella is highly successful in a domain...

Question 12

Research on culture and self-esteem suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people from different cultures have different criteria for evaluating their self-esteem. For example, individuals from individualist cultures tend to emphasize personal achievement and independence, while individuals from collectivist cultures tend to prioritize social harmony and fitting in with the group. However, both groups still value and pursue self-esteem in their own way.

Question 13

In one study,participants received personality feedback before watching either a disturbingly graphic video or a video with neutral content.The findings of this study indicated that participants who received:

Accepted Answer

Positive, esteem-enhancing feedback likely provided participants with a psychological buffer or resilience, making them less susceptible to being differentially affected by the content of the videos they watched. This suggests that positive feedback can influence how individuals emotionally respond to disturbing content.

Question 14

Intrinsic self-esteem is based on _____,while extrinsic self-esteem is based on _____.

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic self-esteem is based on enduring inner qualities such as values, skills, and personal traits, while extrinsic self-esteem is based on factors such as physical appearance, social status, and other external factors that can be influenced by outside forces.

Question 15

Research finds that when individuals face a threat to their self-esteem,they prefer to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research finds that when individuals face a...

Question 16

Wong has just received feedback in his gym class that he is not as good of an athlete as he thought he was.If he pursues the defensive strategy of compensation,what is Wong now likely to do?

Accepted Answer

Compensation involves excelling in one area to make up for perceived deficiencies in another. If Wong adopts this strategy, he is likely to highlight or focus on his strengths in a different area, such as his academic accomplishments, to offset his perceived athletic shortcomings.

Question 17

Ibn prides himself on his ability to carry out risky feats like sky-diving.Recently,Ibn has experienced the unfortunate death of his father,which made him think about his own eventual death.The anxiety-buffer conception of self-esteem suggests that:

Accepted Answer

The anxiety-buffer conception of self-esteem posits that self-esteem serves as a buffer against anxiety, including the fear of death. In Ibn's case, engaging in risky feats that reinforce his self-esteem could serve as a mechanism to manage the increased anxiety about his own mortality following his father's death.

Question 18

Basking in reflected glory refers to people's tendency to:

Accepted Answer

Basking in reflected glory refers to the tendency for individuals to associate themselves with successful others (such as a sports team or famous celebrity) as a way to enhance their own self-esteem and social status.

Question 19

According to the _____ model,self-esteem primarily serves as a defense against existential threats.

Accepted Answer

The Anxiety-Buffer model suggests that self-esteem serves as a psychological buffer against potential anxiety caused by the awareness of personal mortality. This model is based on the idea that self-esteem provides people with a sense of assurance that they are valued individuals and that their existence has meaning and purpose, which helps to reduce mortality-related anxiety.

Question 20

Wen is highly successful in a domain that is important to her self-esteem.According the self-evaluation maintenance model,she is motivated to:

Accepted Answer

According to the self-evaluation maintenance model, when someone is successful in a domain important to their self-esteem, they are motivated to see their competitor as dissimilar to maintain their self-esteem and reduce any threat to their self-concept.

Quiz 6: The Key Self-Motives: Consistency, Esteem, Presentation, and Growth