Question 1

Which of the following factors does NOT help the process of cultural diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Geographic isolation, by definition, inhibits the process of cultural diffusion as it creates a physical barrier that impedes the spread of ideas, beliefs, and practices between different cultures. The other options (advances in modes of transportation, communication technology, and the extent to which a belief or practice contributes to the material success of a culture) all facilitate the process of cultural diffusion as they make it easier for ideas, beliefs, and practices to spread across different cultures and regions.

Question 2

Which of the following values is NOT primarily related to the basic growth motive?

Accepted Answer

Self-direction, achievement, and stimulation are all values that relate to the basic growth motive. Self-direction involves seeking out new experiences and challenges to enhance personal growth. Achievement involves striving for success and accomplishing goals. Stimulation involves seeking arousal and excitement through new experiences. Conformity, on the other hand, is more related to the security motive, as it involves conforming to social norms and expectations to feel accepted and secure.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the 10 cross-culturally accepted universal values identified by Schwartz and colleagues?

Accepted Answer

Chastity is not one of the 10 cross-culturally accepted universal values identified by Schwartz and colleagues. The other options (hedonism, power, and self-direction) are among the 10 universal values.

Question 4

Pakistani culture places strong emphasis on the value of tradition.Which of the following types of morals is Pakistani culture MOST likely to strongly hold?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pakistani culture places strong emphasis on the...

Question 5

In a strong situation,there are _____ norms for appropriate behavior,whereas in a weak situation there are _____ norms for appropriate behavior.

Accepted Answer

In a strong situation, the norms for appropriate behavior are clear because there is a high level of consensus and agreement on what is considered acceptable. In contrast, weak situations lack clear norms for appropriate behavior because there is little consensus or agreement. There may be ambiguity or uncertainty about what is expected or acceptable in a weak situation.

Question 6

In research across cultures by Schwartz and colleagues,which of the following values ranked as most important?

Accepted Answer

In research across cultures by Schwartz and colleagues, benevolence consistently ranked as the most important value across all cultures. This value encompasses kindness, empathy, and concern for the welfare of others.

Question 7

In a study in which some Asian Americans were told that they didn't look very American,what were these participants more likely to do than those who had not been told this?

Accepted Answer

Participants were more likely to choose a typically American meal as a way to assert their American identity in response to their American-ness being questioned.

Question 8

Violations of autonomy morals elicit reactions of _____,while violations of divinity morals elicit reactions of _____.

Accepted Answer

Violations of autonomy morals typically elicit reactions of anger because they are seen as breaches of personal rights or freedoms. On the other hand, violations of divinity morals, which are related to sanctity or purity, often elicit reactions of disgust. This distinction is based on moral foundations theory, which suggests different types of moral concerns trigger different emotional responses.

Question 9

Which of the following entities is the BEST example of a cultural symbol in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Constitution is a cultural symbol of great importance because it represents the core values and principles upon which the United States was founded. It is a symbol of democracy, individual rights, and freedom, and is recognized around the world as a representation of American culture and ideals.

Question 10

Hans has lived in the United States all of his life.Hans's German mother made sure that he was able to speak German,so he would thoroughly understand the German way of life.Hans's mother has passed on a _____ to him.

Accepted Answer

Hans's ability to speak German, combined with his understanding of German culture, was passed on to him by his German mother. This is an example of cultural transmission, where cultural knowledge is passed on from one generation to the next. Therefore, the most appropriate answer is D - culture.

Question 11

Which is NOT one of the three basic moral domains,according to Shweder et al.?

Accepted Answer

According to Shweder et al., the three basic moral domains are community morals (related to promoting the welfare of the community), autonomy morals (related to individual autonomy and rights), and divinity morals (related to promoting spiritual purity and avoiding contamination). Competence morals are not one of the three basic moral domains.

Question 12

_____ are accepted ideas about reality,and _____are preferences or opinions about what is good and bad.

Accepted Answer

Beliefs are accepted ideas about reality, and attitudes are preferences or opinions about what is good and bad.

Question 13

Compared with biological evolution,cultural evolution is:

Accepted Answer

Cultural evolution typically occurs at a much faster rate than biological evolution. A cultural change can spread quickly through a population through communication channels, whereas biological changes can take many generations to occur.

Question 14

As a college senior,Ali is about to participate in his university commencement ceremony.What is the most precise social psychological description of what Ali is about to do?

Accepted Answer

Ali is about to participate in a commencement ceremony, which is a ritual that celebrates his entrance into a new social role as a college graduate. This fits with the social psychological description of participating in a ritual to mark a change in social status or role.

Question 15

_____ are specific patterns or styles of dress,speech,and behavior deemed appropriate in a particular context,while _____ are patterns of action performed in particular contexts to reinforce cultural beliefs,values,and morals.

Accepted Answer

Customs are specific patterns or styles of dress, speech, and behavior deemed appropriate in a particular context, while rituals are patterns of action performed in particular contexts to reinforce cultural beliefs, values, and morals.

Question 16

The fact that devout Jews and Muslims refuse to eat pork is most clearly an example of:

Accepted Answer

The refusal to eat pork by devout Jews and Muslims has symbolic and metaphysical significance in their respective religions. It is believed to be a commandment from God and a way of showing obedience and piety. Therefore, it is not an irrational behavior or a result of cultural imperialism, but rather a manifestation of the importance of food consumption in religious beliefs.

Question 17

A culture that places a strong emphasis on the sacredness of marriage is demonstrating a(n)_____ moral.

Accepted Answer

A culture that places a strong emphasis on the sacredness of marriage is demonstrating a divinity moral, as they view marriage as a sacred and holy union created and blessed by a divine power or higher being. This emphasizes the importance of religious or spiritual beliefs in shaping moral values related to marriage.

Question 18

_____ are shared beliefs about appropriate or expected behaviors in particular situations.

Accepted Answer

Norms are shared beliefs about appropriate or expected behaviors in particular situations. Values refer to beliefs about what is important or desirable. Ideas refer to conceptual understanding or mental concepts. Attitudes refer to a person's positive or negative feelings toward a particular idea, person, or thing.

Question 19

What is the definition of a social role?

Accepted Answer

A social role refers to a position within a group that determines particular ways of acting and dividing responsibility and resources. It may include expectations for behavior, attitudes, and beliefs that are associated with that position in society.

Question 20

_____ is the process whereby inventions and ideas transfer from one culture to another,while _____ is the process whereby cultures develop,through beliefs and behaviors that contribute to their success.

Accepted Answer

Cultural diffusion is the process by which ideas and inventions are transferred from one culture to another, while cultural evolution refers to the development of cultures through beliefs and behaviors that contribute to their success. Therefore, option B accurately describes the two processes. Option A switches the definitions of the two processes, option C refers to a different concept altogether, and option D refers to specific elements within culture rather than processes.

Quiz 2: Fundamentals of Social Behavior