Question 1

_____ is(are)global feelings about the nature and worth of close relationships and other people's trustworthiness.

Accepted Answer

Working models of relationships refer to individuals' overall beliefs and attitudes about close relationships and people's trustworthiness. It includes global feelings about the nature and worth of relationships, which are shaped by early experiences and later relationships. Attachment styles, romantic schemas, and relational self-esteem are more specific aspects of working models of relationships.

Question 2

_____ describes an avoidant attachment style where the person doesn't feel worthy,doesn't trust others,and fears rejection.

Accepted Answer

Fearfully avoidant attachment style involves an individual who has a negative self-image and a negative view of others. As a result, they fear rejection and may avoid close relationships altogether.

Question 3

According to terror management theory,close relationships help to reduce:

Accepted Answer

According to terror management theory, close relationships serve as a buffer against the anxiety and existential dread associated with the inevitability of death. Research has shown that individuals who feel more secure in their close relationships tend to report lower levels of death anxiety. Therefore, close relationships help reduce anxiety about death.

Question 4

Attachment theory posits that the prototypic experience of love is:

Accepted Answer

Attachment theory proposes that the initial bond between a young child and their primary caregiver serves as the prototypic experience of love. This relationship creates a template for how individuals will approach future relationships and impacts their emotions, behaviors, and feelings of security in romantic partnerships. Cultural customs and personal experiences with romantic relationships can also shape individuals' perspectives on love but they are not the prototypic experience proposed by attachment theory.

Question 5

Research suggests that generally there is:

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have found that there is considerable stability of attachment style from infancy to adulthood. For example, a meta-analysis of 69 studies found a moderate correlation between infant attachment and adult attachment, indicating some degree of continuity. However, it should be noted that there is still some variability in attachment style over time and that life experiences can also impact attachment style.

Question 6

Roberto's attachment style is secure and Tom's attachment style is secure.Based on research:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that individuals with a secure attachment style are more likely to have satisfying and committed relationships. Therefore, Roberto and Tom are likely satisfied and committed to their relationship since they both have a secure attachment style.

Question 7

_____ describes an avoidant attachment style characterized by a negative view of others and a positive view of the self.People with this attachment style do not appear to need closeness with others and tend to hide their vulnerability.

Accepted Answer

Dismissive avoidant attachment style is characterized by a high regard for oneself and a low regard for others. Individuals with this attachment style tend to suppress their emotions and avoid intimacy. They often see themselves as strong and independent, and may view others as weak or needy. They tend to hide their vulnerability and do not seem to require closeness with others.

Question 8

Studies found that reminders of mortality:

Accepted Answer

Reminders of mortality, or "mortality salience," often lead individuals to seek meaning and continuity through procreation, thus increasing their desire for offspring as a way to achieve a form of immortality or legacy.

Question 9

In early research on attachment styles,Ainsworth used an experimental scenario called the strange situation.She found that about ___ percent of children displayed a secure attachment style.

Accepted Answer

Ainsworth's research found that about 60 percent of children displayed a secure attachment style in the Strange Situation experiment.

Question 10

An adult romantic relationship is most successful and satisfying if:

Accepted Answer

Both members of a couple having a secure attachment style is the most ideal scenario for a successful and satisfying romantic relationship. This is because individuals with secure attachment styles are generally able to communicate their needs effectively, trust their partners, and maintain healthy boundaries. This creates a strong foundation for the relationship to grow and flourish. Couples with other attachment styles may experience challenges in communication, trust, or emotional regulation, which can lead to conflict and dissatisfaction.

Question 11

All of the following explain the psychological functions of love EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary theory primarily explains love in terms of reproductive success and the survival of genes, rather than focusing on the psychological functions of love.

Question 12

According to the _____,romantic love may have the advantage of helping people focus on courting and mating with a single individual.

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary perspective suggests that romantic love may have evolved because it helps people focus on courting and mating with a single individual, increasing their chances of successfully reproducing and passing on their genes.

Question 13

Attachment theory combines insights from all of the following EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

Attachment theory does not specifically draw on operant conditioning principles, but rather emphasizes on the emotional bonds between individuals. It does, however, incorporate insights from the Freudian psychoanalytic tradition, studies on primates, and developmental psychology.

Question 14

A child who has a difficult time calming down when her or his mother returns likely has which attachment style?

Accepted Answer

A child with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style is characterized by a strong desire for proximity to their caregiver and distress when separated. However, they may have difficulty calming down even when the caregiver returns, as they may feel both angry and resistant to the caregiver for leaving them and anxious about the possibility of further separation.

Question 15

Attachment theorists argue that childhood experiences with primary caregivers result in:

Accepted Answer

Attachment theorists propose that early experiences with primary caregivers shape an individual's internal working models of relationships, which are mental representations of how relationships work and what one can expect from others. These models can influence an individual's emotional and behavioral responses to future relationships.

Question 16

A child who feels comfortable exploring the environment when her or his mother is present,and who is upset when the mother leaves but easily calmed upon her return,likely has which attachment style?

Accepted Answer

This child displays the characteristics of a secure attachment style, where the child is confident and comfortable exploring the environment but becomes upset when the mother leaves. However, upon her return, the child is easily calmed and reassured.

Question 17

Zena has a negative view of herself but a positive view of others.She is high in anxiety and low in avoidance and has intense but unstable relationships.Zena is:

Accepted Answer

Zena's high level of anxiety and intense but unstable relationships suggest that she is anxiously attached. Her negative view of herself and positive view of others also align with the anxious-ambivalent attachment style. The other attachment styles, fearfully avoidant and dismissive avoidant, do not fit with Zena's profile.

Question 18

As a child,Wen was not very distressed when her mother left the room and didn't seek her out when she returned.Wen has a(n)_____ attachment style.

Accepted Answer

Wen's lack of distress and lack of seeking out her mother upon return suggests that she has an avoidant attachment style. Children with this attachment style tend to avoid or ignore their caregivers and may not show much distress when they leave or return.

Question 19

_____ describes an attachment style characterized by a positive view of the self and others,low anxiety and low avoidance,and satisfying,stable relationships.

Accepted Answer

A securely attached individual has a positive view of themselves and others, experiences low anxiety and avoidance, and has stable and satisfying relationships.

Question 20

As a child,Jacob became upset anytime his mother would leave but was always easily calmed down when she returned.Which type of attachment style did Jacob have?

Accepted Answer

Jacob's behavior of becoming upset when his mother leaves but easily calming down when she returns is characteristic of a secure attachment style. Children with a secure attachment style feel comfortable exploring their environment in the presence of a caregiver, are upset when the caregiver leaves, and seek comfort and reassurance when they return.

Quiz 15: Close Relationships

_____ is(are) global feelings about the nature and worth of close relationships and other people's trustworthiness.