Question 1

The free energy of hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate is -61.9 kJ/mol.Rationalize this large,negative value for$\Delta$G'° in chemical terms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The free energy of hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate...

Question 2

Why is the actual free energy ($\Delta$G)of hydrolysis of ATP in the cell different from the standard free energy ($\Delta$G'°)?

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The answer of Why is the actual free energy ($\Delta$G)of...

Question 3

If$\Delta$E'° for an oxidation-reduction reaction is positive,will$\Delta$G'° be positive or negative? What is the equation that relates$\Delta$G'° and$\Delta$E'°?

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The answer of If$\Delta$E'° for an oxidation-reduction reaction is positive,will$\Delta$G'°...

Question 4

For each pair of ions or compounds below,indicate which is the more highly reduced species. (a)Co²⁺/Co⁺ (b)Glucose/CO₂ (c)Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ (d)Acetate/CO₂ (e)Ethanol/acetic acid (f)Acetic acid/acetaldehyde

Accepted Answer

The answer of For each pair of ions or compounds...

Question 5

The first law of thermodynamics states that the amount of energy in the universe is constant,but that the various forms of energy can be interconverted.Describe four different types of such energy transduction that occur in living organisms and provide one example for each.

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The answer of The first law of thermodynamics states that...

Question 6

During transfer of two electrons through the mitochondrial respiratory chain,the overall reaction is: NADH + 1/2 O₂ + H⁺ $\rightarrow$ NAD⁺ + H₂O For this reaction,the difference in reduction potentials for the two half-reactions ($\Delta$E'°)is +1.14 V.Show how you would calculate the standard free-energy change,$\Delta$G'°,for the reaction.(The Faraday constant,,is 96.48 kJ/V·mol. )

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The answer of During transfer of two electrons through the...

Question 7

Alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the following reversible reaction: Acetaldehyde + NADH + H⁺ $\rightarrow$ Ethanol + NAD⁺ Use the following information to answer the questions below: The Faraday constant, ,is 96.48 kJ/V·mol. (a)Calculate$\Delta$G'° for the reaction as written.Show your work. (b)Given your answer to (a),what is the$\Delta$G'° for the reaction occurring in the reverse direction? (c)Which reaction (forward or reverse)will tend to occur spontaneously under standard conditions? (d)In the cell,the reaction actually proceeds in the direction that has a positive$\Delta$G'°.Explain how this could be possible.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the following reversible reaction:
Acetaldehyde...

Question 8

In general,when ATP hydrolysis is coupled to an energy-requiring reaction,the actual reaction often consists of the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to another substrate,rather than an actual hydrolysis of the ATP.Explain.

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Question 9

Classify each of the *ed atoms as an electrophile or a nucleophile:

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Question 10

What is an oxidation? What is a reduction? Can an oxidation occur without a simultaneous reduction? Why or why not?

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Question 11

Explain what is meant by the statement: "Standard free-energy changes are additive." Give an example of the usefulness of this additive property in understanding how cells carry out thermodynamically unfavorable chemical reactions.

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Question 12

Glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the following reversible reaction: Glycerol 3-phosphate + NAD⁺ $\rightarrow$NADH + H⁺ + dihydroxyacetone phosphate Given the standard reduction potentials below,calculate$\Delta$G'° for the glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction,proceeding from left to right as shown.Show your work.(The Faraday constant,F,is 96.48 kJ/V·mol. )

Accepted Answer

The answer of Glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the following reversible...

Question 13

Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible reaction: Pyruvate + NADH + H⁺ $\rightarrow$Lactate + NAD⁺ Given the following facts (a)tell in which direction the reaction will tend to go if NAD⁺,NADH,pyruvate,and lactate were mixed,all at 1 M concentrations,in the presence of lactate dehydrogenase at pH 7; (b)calculate$\Delta$G'° for this reaction.Show your work.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible reaction:
Pyruvate +...

Quiz 13: Principles of Bioenergetics

The free energy of hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate is -61.9 kJ/mol.Rationalize this large,negative value for $\Delta$ G'° in chemical terms.

Why is the actual free energy ( $\Delta$ G)of hydrolysis of ATP in the cell different from the standard free energy ( $\Delta$ G'°)?

If $\Delta$ E'° for an oxidation-reduction reaction is positive,will $\Delta$ G'° be positive or negative? What is the equation that relates $\Delta$ G'° and $\Delta$ E'°?

For each pair of ions or compounds below,indicate which is the more highly reduced species. (a)Co²⁺/Co⁺ (b)Glucose/CO₂ (c)Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ (d)Acetate/CO₂ (e)Ethanol/acetic acid (f)Acetic acid/acetaldehyde

The first law of thermodynamics states that the amount of energy in the universe is constant,but that the various forms of energy can be interconverted.Describe four different types of such energy transduction that occur in living organisms and provide one example for each.

In general,when ATP hydrolysis is coupled to an energy-requiring reaction,the actual reaction often consists of the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to another substrate,rather than an actual hydrolysis of the ATP.Explain.

Classify each of the *ed atoms as an electrophile or a nucleophile:

What is an oxidation? What is a reduction? Can an oxidation occur without a simultaneous reduction? Why or why not?

Explain what is meant by the statement: "Standard free-energy changes are additive." Give an example of the usefulness of this additive property in understanding how cells carry out thermodynamically unfavorable chemical reactions.

Quiz 13: Principles of Bioenergetics

The free energy of hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate is -61.9 kJ/mol.Rationalize this large,negative value for Δ\DeltaΔ G'° in chemical terms.

Why is the actual free energy ( Δ\DeltaΔ G)of hydrolysis of ATP in the cell different from the standard free energy ( Δ\DeltaΔ G'°)?

If Δ\DeltaΔ E'° for an oxidation-reduction reaction is positive,will Δ\DeltaΔ G'° be positive or negative? What is the equation that relates Δ\DeltaΔ G'° and Δ\DeltaΔ E'°?

For each pair of ions or compounds below,indicate which is the more highly reduced species. (a)Co2+/Co+ (b)Glucose/CO2 (c)Fe3+/Fe2+ (d)Acetate/CO2 (e)Ethanol/acetic acid (f)Acetic acid/acetaldehyde

The first law of thermodynamics states that the amount of energy in the universe is constant,but that the various forms of energy can be interconverted.Describe four different types of such energy transduction that occur in living organisms and provide one example for each.

In general,when ATP hydrolysis is coupled to an energy-requiring reaction,the actual reaction often consists of the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to another substrate,rather than an actual hydrolysis of the ATP.Explain.

Classify each of the *ed atoms as an electrophile or a nucleophile:

What is an oxidation? What is a reduction? Can an oxidation occur without a simultaneous reduction? Why or why not?

Explain what is meant by the statement: "Standard free-energy changes are additive." Give an example of the usefulness of this additive property in understanding how cells carry out thermodynamically unfavorable chemical reactions.

The free energy of hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate is -61.9 kJ/mol.Rationalize this large,negative value for $\Delta$ G'° in chemical terms.

Why is the actual free energy ( $\Delta$ G)of hydrolysis of ATP in the cell different from the standard free energy ( $\Delta$ G'°)?

If $\Delta$ E'° for an oxidation-reduction reaction is positive,will $\Delta$ G'° be positive or negative? What is the equation that relates $\Delta$ G'° and $\Delta$ E'°?

For each pair of ions or compounds below,indicate which is the more highly reduced species. (a)Co²⁺/Co⁺ (b)Glucose/CO₂ (c)Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ (d)Acetate/CO₂ (e)Ethanol/acetic acid (f)Acetic acid/acetaldehyde